近代汉语程度副词“很”的兴起与“甚”的衰落  

The Rise of Degree Adverb “Hen” and the Decline of Degree Adverb “Shen” in Modern Chinese

作　　者：汤传扬 Tang Chuanyang

机构地区：[1]清华大学中文系

出　　处：《南京师范大学文学院学报》2019年第3期174-182,共9页Journal of School of Chinese Language and Culture Nanjing Normal University

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“近代汉语常用词词库与常用词历史演变研究”(11&ZD125)

摘　　要：在汉语史中,“甚”“很”在表示程度高的副词中占据重要地位,两者存在竞争替换关系。魏晋至元代主要用程度副词“甚”,清中叶及以后主要用程度副词“很”。通过考察近代文献中程度副词“很”的使用情况,并结合其在现代方言中的分布,本文认为程度副词“很”的产生是自身语义演变与语言接触共同作用的结果,其扩散是从北向南推进的。在现代汉语中,程度副词“甚”在少数方言中有保留,但功能有限,基本出现在书面语中。程度副词“甚”衰退的原因有三:表义明晰性低;求新心理;“好不”“好生”“好”“十分”等程度副词的使用。In the history of Chinese, both Shen and Hen are important degree adverbs indicating high degree, and there is a competition and substitution relation between the two. Before the Yuan Dynasty, the Shen was commonly used as the degree adverb. But since the middle of Qing Dynasty Hen is mainly used as the degree adverb. Through investigating the use of Hen in modern literature and combining with its distribution in modern dialects, this essay attempts to prove that the generation of the adverb of degree Hen is the result of self-semantic evolution and language contact, the spreading is from north towards south. In modern Chinese, the adverb of degree Shen only appears in written language. There are three reasons for the decline of the adverb of degree Shen. Firstly, low clarity of meaning;Secondly, psychology of seeking new;Thirdly, the use of other adverbs of high degree such as “ Hao bu ”,“ Hao sheng ”,“ Hao ”,“ Shi fen ”,etc.

关 键 词：程度副词 甚 很 历时兴替 语言接触 

分 类 号：H109.22[语言文字—汉语]