外国留学生汉语“得”字补语句习得情况考察  

Statistical Analysis of the Acquisition of Chinese Complement Structure with "得" by Foreign Students

作　　者：孙德金[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京语言大学汉语学院,100083

出　　处：《语言教学与研究》2002年第6期42-50,共9页Language Teaching and Linguistic Studies

摘　　要：汉语“得”字补语句是外国留学生的一个学习难点 ,也是对外汉语语法教学的一个重点。本文利用北京语言大学研制的《留学生汉语中介语语料库系统》中的语料 ,对“得”字补语句的习得情况进行断面考察。根据相关数据 ,得出以下认识 :(1)“得”字补语句错误发生率并不高 ,一定意义上说 ,此类句子的习得难度不很高 ;(2 )学生习得“得”字补语句有一定的规律性 ;(3 )学生在习得此类句子时 ,对“得”前词语有明显的类型意识 ;(4 )学生在习得过程中存在一定程度的规则泛化问题 ;(5 )母语背景为英语的学生习得此类句子时存在少量体标记干扰现象。Being an obscurity to foreign students, Chinese complement structure with '得' is always of much emphasis in Chinese grammar teaching to foreigners. This article is based on Corpus System of Chinese Interlanguage in Foreign Students' Chinese, established by Beijing Language and Culture University. With the material in corpus, the acquisition of complement structure with '得' has gone through cross sectional studies. According to related quantitative analysis, the following conclusions have been made: (1) It doesn't happen frequently that the complement structure with '得' is applied in error. In some sense, the acquisition of this kind of sentences is not knotty. (2) Some rules exists in the course of students' acquiring complement structure with '得'. (3) Students have apparent perception to take the words before '得' as a styled one. (4) To some extent, students intend to generalize the rules they have obtained improperly. (5) Students whose first language is English incline to make certain interlingual errors about aspect markers. In accordance with these observations, the article provides some strategies in teaching.

关 键 词：外国留学生 对外汉语教学 "得"字补语句 语言习得 习得难度 

分 类 号：H195[语言文字—汉语]