电制侧向过岔时重载机车及车钩的动态特性  

Dynamic Characteristics of Heavy Haul Locomotives and Couplers Passing through Turnout Branch Line with Electric Brake

作　　者：张志超 李谷 储高峰 祖宏林 ZHANG Zhichao;LI Gu;CHU Gaofeng;ZU Honglin(Locomotive&Car Research Institute,China Academy of Railway Sciences Corporation Limited,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]中国铁道科学研究院集团有限公司机车车辆研究所

出　　处：《中国铁道科学》2019年第4期95-102,共8页China Railway Science

基　　金：国家自然科学青年基金资助项目(11202245);中国铁路总公司科技研究开发计划课题(N2018J012,SY2018J001);中国铁道科学研究院科研开发基金项目(2018YJ004)

摘　　要：首先理论推导曲线线路上受压连挂车钩准静态水平转角的计算公式;然后采用SIMPACK软件和子结构法建立双机重联牵引重载列车电制侧向过岔动力学模型,其中4组钩缓装置模型含有钩尾“曲面—曲面”接触摩擦单元、非线性迟滞特性缓冲器单元和扁销止挡单元,道岔侧向线路简化为不考虑转辙区和辙岔区钢轨型面变化的S形曲线,计算结果与试验数据的一致性验证了模型的正确性;最后以重载列车侧向通过12号道岔为例,研究机车电制级位、车钩钩尾弧面摩擦系数对重载机车和车钩动态特性的影响。结果表明:在较大的电制力作用下,实际动态车钩转角相比其准静态数值会明显增大;重载机车电制侧向过岔时,其安全性指标和车钩转角随电制级位的提高而增大,随车钩钩尾弧面摩擦系数的增大而减小;电制级位应控制在80%以下,摩擦系数控制在0.20~0.30范围为宜。The formula for calculating the quasi-static horizontal rotation angles of the compressed couplers on curve lines was theoretically derived firstly.Then a heavy haul train dynamic model including 2 HX-type locomotives and 4 sets of coupler and buffer systems was built using SIMPACK and the substructure method,where the coupler-tail arc surface contact friction element,the non-linear hysteretic buffer element and the flattened pin rotation stop element were applied.And the turnout branch line was simplified as an S-shaped curve without considering the profile change of turnout switch and frog rails in the dynamic model.The correctness of the model was validated by the consistency between the calculated results and test data.Finally,the simulations of heavy haul train running through 12#turnout branch line with electric brake were carried out,and the influence of locomotive electric brake levels and coupler-tail friction coefficients on the dynamic characteristics of heavy haul locomotives and couplers was deeply investigated.Results indicate that the dynamic coupler rotation angle is much bigger than the quasi-static one under large electric brake forces.When heavy haul locomotives pass through turnout branch line with electric brake,the running safety indices and coupler rotation angles increase with the increase of electric brake levels,and decrease with the increase of coupler-tail friction coefficients.It is reasonable to control the electric brake level below 80%and the friction coefficient in the range of 0.20~0.30.

关 键 词：重载机车 钩缓装置 侧向过岔 电制级位 车钩转角 

分 类 号：U260.34[机械工程—车辆工程]