PCA综合分析采收成熟度对金沙柚贮藏品质的影响  

Comprehensively Analyzing the Effect of Harvest Maturity on Storage Quality of Jinsha Pomelo Based on PCA

作　　者：李宏祥 马巧利 林雄 曾平章 陈金印 LI Hong-xiang;MA Qiao-li;LIN Xiong;ZENG Ping-zhang;CHEN Jin-yin(Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Postharvest Technology and Nondestructive Testing of Fruits and Vegetables,Collaborative Innovation Center of Postharvest Key Technology and Quality Safety of Fruits and Vegetables in Jiangxi Province,Jiangxi Agricultural University,Nanchang 330045,China;Pingxiang University,Pingxiang 337055,China;Ji’an Fruit Bureau,Ji’an 343009,China)

机构地区：[1]江西农业大学农学院,江西省果蔬保鲜与无损检测重点实验室,江西省果蔬采后处理关键技术与质量安全协同创新中心,江西南昌330045 [2]萍乡学院,江西萍乡337055 [3]吉安市果业局,江西吉安343009

出　　处：《食品工业科技》2019年第18期255-262,272,共9页Science and Technology of Food Industry

基　　金：江西省柑橘产业体系基金(jxars-07);江西省“2011协同创新中心项目(JXGS-05)”;国家自然科学基金青年项目(31501811);江西省教育厅自然科学基金(170251)

摘　　要：为选择适宜金沙柚长期贮藏的采收成熟度,本试验以盛花后195、206和216 d(成熟度Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ)采收的果实为对象,检测了常温贮藏180 d内果实感官品质以及抗氧化相关指标,并通过主成分分析法(PCA)综合评价不同采收成熟度对金沙柚贮藏品质的影响。感官品质检测结果表明:成熟度Ⅰ和Ⅲ的腐烂率低于成熟度Ⅱ;成熟度Ⅱ和Ⅲ失重率低于成熟度Ⅰ。成熟度ⅡCCI值高于成熟度Ⅰ和Ⅲ,成熟度Ⅲ亮度(L^*)最高。成熟度Ⅰ可溶性糖、VC含量和固酸比高于成熟度Ⅱ和Ⅲ,TA含量反之;成熟度Ⅱ的TSS和VC高于成熟度Ⅲ。三者出汁率无明显差异。抗氧化性指标检测表明:成熟度Ⅰ和Ⅱ的总酚含量在贮藏180 d内显著高于成熟度Ⅲ,分别于180和150 d达到最大值(197.68和201.08μg/g)。成熟度Ⅰ和Ⅱ总黄酮含量高于Ⅲ。成熟度Ⅱ和Ⅲ的DPPH清除率前30 d高于成熟度Ⅰ。三个成熟度FRAR还原力维持OD值0.35左右,无明显差异。PCA分析发现:0~30 d成熟度Ⅱ综合得分最高,在60~180 d成熟度Ⅰ综合得分最高并在90 d达最高值0.59分,成熟度Ⅲ整体得分最低。说明盛花后206 d采收的金沙柚贮藏30 d上市最好,最长贮藏不宜超过120 d;盛花后195 d采收的金沙柚贮藏90 d上市最好,最长贮藏不宜超过150 d;盛花后216 d采收的金沙柚不适合贮藏。In order to select suitable harvesting maturity for long-term storage of Jinsha pomelo,the sensory quality and antioxidant indexes of fruits harvested at 195,206 and 216 d(maturityⅠ,ⅡandⅢ)after blossom and storaged for 180 d at room degree were assayed.And principal component analysis(PCA)was applied to comprehensively assess the effects of harvesting maturity on storage quality of Jinsha pomelo.The results of sensory quality test showed that the decay rate of maturityⅠandⅢwas lower than that of maturityⅡ,and the weight loss rate of maturityⅡandⅢwas lower than that of maturityⅠ.The CCI value of maturityⅡwere higher than those of maturityⅠandⅢ,while the colour brightness(L^*value)of maturityⅢwas highest.Soluble sugar,VC content and solid-acid ratio of maturityⅠwere higher than those of maturityⅡandⅢ,but TA content was the opposite;TSS and VC of maturityⅡwere higher than those of maturityⅢ.The juice yield was not significant difference among the three.The antioxidant indexes showed that the total phenol content of maturityⅠandⅡwas significantly higher than that of maturityⅢwithin 180 d of storage,reaching the maximum at 180 d and 150 d respectively(197.68 and 201.08μg/g).The content of total flavonoids in maturityⅠandⅡwas higher than that in maturityⅢ.The DPPH scavenging rate of maturityⅡandⅢwas higher than that of maturityⅠin the first 30 d.The reductive power of FRAR at three maturities maintained about 0.35 OD value,and there was no significant difference among them.PCA analysis showed that the comprehensive score of maturityⅡwas the highest in 0~30 d.The comprehensive score of maturityⅠwas the highest in 60~180 d and reached the highest value of 0.59 score in 90 d.The overall score of maturityⅢwas the lowest.The results showed that fruits harvested at 206 d after blossom were suitable for short-term storage;fruits harvested at 195 d after blossom were suitable for long-term storage;and fruits harvested at 216 d after blossom were unsuitable for storag

关 键 词：金沙柚 采收成熟度 盛花后 品质 抗氧化活性 PCA 

分 类 号：TS255.3[轻工技术与工程—农产品加工及贮藏工程]