“稻-鸭-虾”生态种养模式水体中的氮磷浓度及藻类生物量变化  

Changes of Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Algae in Water Under Rice-Duck-Shrimp Ecological Planting and Breeding Model

作　　者：黄巍 余经纬 李玉成[1] 张学胜[1] 王宁[1] Huang Wei;Yu Jingwei;Li Yucheng;Zhang Xuesheng;Wang Ning(School of Resources and Environmental Engineering,Anhui University,Hefei,Anhui 230601,China)

机构地区：[1]安徽大学资源与环境工程学院

出　　处：《水土保持通报》2019年第4期229-235,243,共8页Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家科技重大专项“水源涵养和生态保育清洁小流域技术综合集成应用推广”(2017ZX07603-002)

摘　　要：[目的]对“稻—鸭—虾”生态种养模式水体中氮磷浓度及藻类生物量的变化进行研究,为控制稻田排水中氮磷引起的农业面源污染,改善稻田生态环境提供科学参考。[方法]对比“稻—鸭—虾”生态种养模式与常规种植模式,分析不同种植模式下的差异及优越性,重点研究“稻—鸭—虾”的内在协同作用对水体中氮磷及藻类的变化影响。[结果]①相比于常规种植,“稻—鸭—虾”生态种养稻田水体中总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)含量分别减少32.43%和19.35%,且对初始灌溉水中TN,TP的去除率可达到38.7%和26.9%。②“稻—鸭—虾”生态种养可改变稻田水体中氮磷的形态,在水稻全生育期内,可溶性磷(DTP)和颗粒态磷(PP)比例更加稳定,而在水稻后期,稻田水体中有机氮(ON)比例显著提高。③“稻—鸭—虾”生态种养改善了水体中藻类植物群落结构,稻田排水中藻类生物多样性指数提高到2.34。④相比于常规种植,“稻—鸭—虾”生态种养中水稻的有效穗、穗粒数和结实率分别提高了4.83%,5.28%和2.84%,稻米中蛋白质含量增加了8.15%,显著提高经济效益。[结论]相比于常规种植,“稻—鸭—虾”生态种养既能有效减少稻田水体中N,P含量,增加水体稳定性,又能提高水稻的有效穗、穗粒数和结实率,增加了经济效益,且并未带来重金属污染风险,是值得推广的大田种养技术。[Objective]The changes of nitrogen and phosphorus and algae in the water under"rice-duck-shrimp ecological planting and breeding model were studied in order to provide a scientific reference for controlling agricultural non-point source pollution caused by nitrogen and phosphorus in the drainage of rice fields and improving the ecological environment of rice fields.[Methods]The differences and advantages of different planting modes were analyzed by comparing the ecological planting and breeding model of rice-duck-shrimp and the conventional planting model.The study focused on the impact of the internal synergy of rice-duck-shrimp on the changes of nitrogen,phosphorus and algae in water.[Results]①The contents of total nitrogen(TN)and total phosphorus(TP)in rice-duck-shrimp ecological paddy field reduced by 32.43%and 19.35%,respectively.The removal rates of total TN and total TP in initial irrigation water were 38.7%and 26.9%,respectively.②The changes of nitrogen and phosphorus forms were altered by the ecological planting and breeding mode of rice-duck-shrimp.During the whole growth period of rice,the proportion of soluble phosphorus(DTP)and granular phosphorus(PP)was more stable.However,the proportion of organic nitrogen(ON)in paddy water significantly increased in the later period of rice.③The rice-duck-shrimp ecological planting breeding model could improve the community structure of algae in water.The algae biodiversity index in paddy field drainage increased to 2.34.④Compared with conventional cultivation,the effective panicles,grains per spikee and seed setting rate of rice in rice-duck-shrimp ecological planting breeding model increased by 4.83%,5.28%and 2.84%,respectively.Moreover,the protein content of rice increased by 8.15%,which significantly improved the economic benefits.[Conclusion]Compared with conventional cultivation,rice-duck-shrimp ecological planting and breeding model could not only effectively reduce the content of N and P in rice field water,increase the stability of water,but also

关 键 词：“稻—鸭—虾”生态种养 氮磷 藻类 生物多样性指数 经济效益 

分 类 号：S19[农业科学—农业基础科学] X171.5[环境科学与工程—环境科学]