基于中国健康体育课程模式的“运动密度”概念探析  

Analysis the concept of movement density based on Physical Education &Health Curriculum Model of China

作　　者：苏坚贞[1,2] 季浏 SU Jianzhen;JI Liu(School of Physical Education and Health,East China Normal University,Shanghai 200241,China;Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of Education,Shanghai 200241,China.)

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学体育与健康学院,上海200241 [2]“青少年健康评价与运动干预”教育部重点实验室,上海200241

出　　处：《首都体育学院学报》2019年第5期406-416,共11页Journal of Capital University of Physical Education and Sports

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目(17BTY074);上海高校“立德树人”人文社会科学重点研究基地建设项目(1100-41222-16057);上海市科技艺术教育中心项目(11001-412321-10006);华东师范大学教育部重点实验室建设项目(40500-541235-14203/004)

摘　　要：中国健康体育课程模式是迄今为止我国第一个完全符合《体育与健康课程标准》的体育课程模式,在每堂体育课教学过程中主要强调3个关键点:1)要保证一定的运动负荷(即运动密度要达到75%左右,运动强度要达到平均心率140~160次/min);2)要有20 min左右的运动技能教学;3)要有10 min左右的体能练习。然而,有学者和体育教师对该模式提出的“运动密度”要达到75%左右产生了质疑。采用文献研究法和逻辑分析法,结合当前国内、外体育课学生的身体活动水平现状的研究发现,提升体育课学生的身体活动水平不仅是儿童、青少年健康成长的需要,也是国家发展的需要。通过梳理体育课密度原理与测算方法的沿革脉络发现,已有的体育课密度原理与测算方法有其积极意义,也有其局限性。中国健康体育课程模式提出了新的“运动密度”概念,既是从运动负荷的视角与国际接轨,也是对已有的体育课密度原理与测算方法的完善和延展。只有引导学生充分“动”起来,才能达到增强体质、运用运动技能、形成学科核心素养,进而达到提高儿童、青少年学生身体活动水平的目的。Physical Education and Health Curriculum Model in China(PE&H-CM)is so far the first physical education curriculum in China which is conform to Chinese physical education curriculum standard.PE&H-CM primarily emphasis on three key points:1)movement density of PE lesson should be around 75%,the average heart rate of students in PE class should be between 140-160 beats per minute;2)should have around 20 minutes’technique or strategy teaching;3)should have around 10 minutes’fitness exercise.However there are some scholars and PE teachers questioned the movement density standard based on PE&H-CM.By using the methods of literature review and logical analysis,combining with analyzing the levels of physical activity during PE lessons in domestic and overseas,it is found that it is not only necessary for students growing healthily but also for the development of the country to improve the level of physical activity during PE lessons.By sorting out of the theory of exercise density of PE,this paper indicated that the traditional theories of exercise density of PE have its positive side,and also have its limitation on development.It is a further improvement of the traditional exercise density theory of PE to present a new concept of movement density of PE lesson.PE&H-CM put emphasis on guiding students to improve physical fitness,applying motor skills,forming subject key competent literacy from the perspective of effective teaching in order to achieve physical and mental health improving.

关 键 词：中国健康体育课程模式 运动负荷 练习密度 运动密度 运动强度 中等到大强度身体活动(MVPA) 大强度身体活动(VPA) 

分 类 号：G807[文化科学—体育训练]