“圣人无名”与自由秩序——兼论《逍遥游》中尧与许由的象征意义  

“The Sage’s Ignorance of Reputation” and Free Order——On the Symbolic Meaning of Yao and Xu You

作　　者：陈赟[1,2] CHEN Yun

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学中国现代思想文化研究所 [2]华东师范大学哲学系

出　　处：《上海师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2019年第5期5-23,共19页Journal of Shanghai Normal University(Philosophy & Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：上海市教委科研创新计划(201701070005E00053);江苏省公民道德与社会风尚协同创新中心与道德发展智库项目成果;华东师范大学青年跨学科创新团队项目(2018ECNU-QKT010)

摘　　要：《庄子·逍遥游》“尧让天下于许由”的故事有其深刻的寓意,它关联着对自由主体与自由秩序的理解,但历代对之的解释颇多分歧,这一分歧集中在对尧与许由二人的态度上,历代的解释可以归结为扬由抑尧、扬尧抑由、尧由俱抑、尧由俱扬四种类型,在对四种态度做出理论分析的基础上,文章立足于郭象哲学对扬尧抑由、尧由俱扬的综合,而试图给出尧让天下于许由,以及许由不受天下这则故事的象征性寓意。这一故事的要旨在于论证圣人无名,而圣人之所以无名,乃在于圣人治理天下的特别方式,这就是以让天下方式治天下,从而达成自由秩序,这是许由式的常人自由得以可能的条件;而通过圣人无名不是取消一切形式的名,而是在有功有名的基础上进一步不以名为名,唯有这种无名才能构成统治者的主体性成就。The story of Yao abdicating the state power to Xu You in Zhuangzi-Xiaoyao You has profound implied meaning,and the story is relevant to the understanding of free subject and free order.However,there are many different views relating to the interpretation of the story in different dynasties.The differences lie in attitudes towards Yao and Xu You,and the interpretation can be classified into the four types:“for Xu You and against Yao”,“for Yao and against Xu You”,“against both Yao and Xu You”,and“for both Yao and Xu You”.Based on the theoretical analysis of the four attitudes and Guo Xiang’s philosophy of combination of“for Yao and against Xu You”and“for both Yao and Xu You”,the paper attempts to point out the implied meaning of“Yao abdicating the state power to Xu You and Xu You not accepting the state power”.The gist of the story proves that“the sage ignores reputation”and the reason of the sage’s ignorance of reputation is that the way the sage governs the state is especial.The state should be governed to establish the free order.That“the sage ignores reputation”is also the subjective achievements of the rulers.

关 键 词：尧 许由 圣人无名 自由秩序 

分 类 号：B223.5[哲学宗教—中国哲学]