植物固氮细胞器的合成生物学研究  

Synthetic Biology Research of Plant Nitrogen-fixation Organelle

作　　者：罗利[1] LUO Li(School of Life Sciences Shanghai University,Shanghai 200444)

机构地区：[1]上海大学生命科学学院

出　　处：《生物技术通报》2019年第10期1-6,共6页Biotechnology Bulletin

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(31570241)

摘　　要：随着合成生物学的兴起,历史悠久的生物固氮研究领域迎来了新的发展机遇。合成生物学的原理和技术引入固氮生物学以后,诞生了固氮合成生物学的新兴交叉学科。共生固氮是生物固氮三种形式中效率最高的一种。在共生固氮体系中,固氮细菌以细胞器的面目出现在宿主植物细胞质中,利用微氧和物质能量充足的有利条件,进行较为稳定长久的固氮反应。但是,共生固氮作用的局限性在于宿主专一性,即共生固氮细菌难以在绝大多数经济作物上完成侵染和固氮作用。因此,固氮合成生物学面临的一个重要挑战是如何突破固氮细菌的宿主专一性,实现主要经济作物共生或者自主固氮。为了解决这一难题,国内外的研究者通过艰难地探索取得了良好的研究进展。本文将就固氮合成生物学的一些主要进展和面临的问题作一简要综述。With the rise of synthetic biology,the long-established field of biological nitrogen fixation has ushered in new development opportunities.After the introduction of the principles and techniques of synthetic biology into nitrogen-fixing biology,a new interdisciplinary subject of nitrogen-fixing synthetic biology was born.Symbiotic nitrogen fixation is the most efficient of the three forms of biological nitrogen fixation.In the symbiotic nitrogen-fixing system,the nitrogen-fixing bacteria stably exist in the cytoplasm of the host plant as the organelles,and the relatively stable nitrogen fixation reaction is carried out by using the favorable conditions of micro-oxygen,and sufficient material and energy.However,the limitation of symbiotic nitrogen fixation is host specificity,that is,symbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacteria are difficult to complete infection and nitrogen fixation on most economic crops.Therefore,an important challenge for nitrogen-fixing synthetic biology is how to break through the host specificity of nitrogen-fixing bacteria,and achieve symbiotic or independent nitrogen fixation on main economic crops.In order to solve this difficult problem,domestic and abroad researchers have made fine research progress through hard exploration.This review will give a brief overview of some major advances and issues in the biology of nitrogen-fixing synthesis.

关 键 词：生物固氮 合成生物学 细胞器 固氮酶 结瘤因子 

分 类 号：G63[文化科学—教育学]