组织学习、知识生产与政策倡导——对环保组织行为演变的跨案例研究  

Organizational Learning,Knowledge Production and Policy Advocacy: A Cross-case Study of the Evolution of Environmental Non-governmental Organizations’ Behavior

作　　者：陆健 齐晔[1] 郭施宏[1] 张勇杰[2] Lu Jian;Qi Ye;Guo Shihong;Zhang Yongjie

机构地区：[1]清华大学公共管理学院 [2]中国人民大学公共管理学院

出　　处：《中国非营利评论》2019年第2期257-278,共22页China Nonprofit Review

基　　金：中国博士后科学基金第62批面上资助项目“中国环保组织参与政策倡导的策略选择与影响因素研究”(2017M620813)的阶段性研究成果

摘　　要：政策倡导正逐渐成为中国环保组织参与环境治理的一种重要形式,这与环保组织长期以来对此采取的回避态度形成了较大反差。本文试图回应的核心问题是:何以中国的环保组织越来越多地参与政策倡导行动?虽然政治参与空间的开放以及组织获取资源渠道的多元化在一定程度上可以解释这一问题,但这两条解释路径并不足够。通过对典型环保组织的跨案例研究,本文分析了环保组织通过自身过往的实践经验、组织之间的交流互动这两种途径进行学习的过程和机制。研究发现,环保组织内部的学习和适应机制亦是导致这一变化的关键因素,环保组织能动地学习促进了组织的知识生产和更新,从而推动了环保组织更多地参与政策倡导行动。此外,社会组织的学习过程受到多个因素的影响,主要包括组织领导人的认知能力、知觉框架以及组织内外部的权力关系。本研究弥补了政治机会理论和组织资源视角的不足,有助于加深对中国环境行动主义演变的理解。Policy advocacy is gradually becoming an important form of action for environmental non-governmental organizations(ENGOs)in China to participate in environmental governance,which contrasts with the evasive attitude taken by ENGOs in the past.The main research question that this paper tries to address is:Why do China's ENGOs increasingly involve in policy advocacy?Although the openness of political opportunity and the diversification of organizational access to resources can to some extent explain this puzzle,these two theoretical approaches are not enough.Through cross-case studies of ENGOs in China,this paper investigats the impacts of two major mechanisms of organizational learning on the changes of stretegies of ENGOs:learning from own past experiences and learning through the interaction with other groups.The study finds that ENGOs'learning and adaptation are also the key factors leading to the change of ENGOs'inclination to participate in policy advocacy.Active organizational learning promotes knowledge production and renewal,which further leads ENGOs in China to participate more in policy advocacy.Nonetheless,the learning process of NGOs is influenced by many factors,including the cognitive ability,perceptual framework of leaders of organizations,and power relations inside and outside organizations.This study filled the gap left by political opportunity and organizational resources theoretical perspectives,and deepens the understanding of the evolution of environmental activism in China.

关 键 词：环保组织 组织学习 行为转变 政策倡导 

分 类 号：G63[文化科学—教育学]