再谈近指代词“這”的来源  

Etymology of the proximal demonstrative zhe in Chinese revisited

作　　者：朱冠明[1] ZHU Guanming

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学文学院

出　　处：《中国语文》2019年第6期643-664,766,共23页Studies of the Chinese Language

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“律部佛典语法研究”(14BYY117);中国人民大学科学研究基金(中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助)项目“佛典语言的中国化”(13XNL007)成果

摘　　要：汉语近指代词"這"从唐代开始见于文献,但它的来源一直众说纷纭,迄无定论。本文从语法功能和语音变化两个方面论证"這"来自中古以前常见的近指代词"是",同时也讨论了"是"在中古以后的去向,即北方成为"這",南方成为"底"。"這"的个案充分说明唐代是汉语从中古向近代迈进的重要阶段。Although it is generally accepted that the proximal demonstrative(PD)zhe這has been attested ever since the Tang dynasty,issues concerning its etymology are still under discussion.This paper demonstrates that zhe,a simplified written form of shi適,is derived from the commonly found PD shi是in Archaic Chinese.This derivation can be accounted for by evidence from the perspectives of word function and diachronic sound change.Besides,this paper suggests that since the period of Middle Chinese the PD shi gradually developed into two words in Pre-Modern Chinese:the PD zhe in dialects of northern China,and the PD di底in dialects of southeastern China.This case of the development of zhe also indicates that the Tang dynasty is a crucial period in the development of the Chinese language from Middle Chinese to Pre-Modern Chinese.

关 键 词：近指代词 這 底 阿堵 是 虚词本字 

分 类 号：G63[文化科学—教育学]