计算思维教育：概念演变与面临的挑战  

Computational Thinking Education: Concept Evolution and Challenges

作　　者：张进宝[1] ZHANG Jinbao

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学教育学部

出　　处：《现代远程教育研究》2019年第6期89-101,共13页Modern Distance Education Research

基　　金：北京市教育科学“十三五”规划2017年度优先关注课题“国内外应用信息技术提高教学质量的成功实践案例研究”（CEHA17068）

摘　　要：计算思维虽已成为研究热点,但对其概念的研究缺乏系统化的分析。从现代计算机科学发展历程的探索中可以发现,计算思维概念孕育于计算机科学寻求独立的过程中,萌芽于计算机教育思潮不断演变的进程中,成型于计算科学获得科学界认可之时。对计算思维概念的不断争论表明,需要综合计算学科、普适化和认知发展三个视角来深刻认识计算思维教育。当前值得重点关注的关键问题有:计算机科学家尚未就计算思维的关键要素达成一致;对计算本质理解的更新会影响计算思维的内涵;推动计算思维普适化面临诸多困难和质疑;计算思维价值的体现应该是多元化的;计算思维的个体认知发展有了初步的探索;计算思维的社会性发展研究引发更多教育深层问题。推动计算思维教育在中国的发展,需要解决特殊国情对发展策略的影响、课程与教学难成体系、实践与研究脱节等问题。Although computational thinking has become a research hotspot, there still lacks systematic analysis of its concept. By tracking the history of the development of computer science, we can find that the concept of computational thinking got into shape from the beginning of seeking disciplinary independence, sprouted in the evolution process of computer education thoughts, and formally formed when scientific community recognized the computational science. The constant debate on its concept shows that computational thinking should be considered from three perspectives of comprehensive computing, universalization, and cognitive development. The key issues currently worthy of attention are: computer scientists have not yet reached agreement on the key elements of computational thinking;the update of the understanding of computational nature will affect the connotation of computational thinking;many difficulties and doubt restrict the promotion of computational thinking;the embodiment of its value should be diversified;the individual cognition development of computational thinking has just had a preliminary exploration;the research on the social development of computational thinking will trigger more deep-level problems in education. As for promoting the development of computational thinking education in China, it is necessary to solve the problems, including the impact of special national conditions on development strategies, the emergence of curriculum and teaching system, and the gap between practice and research.

关 键 词：计算思维 计算思维教育 概念演变 发展挑战 

分 类 号：G434[文化科学—教育学]