臭氧处理对交链孢菌生长及其毒素积累的抑制作用  

Inhibitory Effect of Ozone on the Growth and Mycotoxin Production of Alternaria

作　　者：姜楠 王刘庆 李祖梁 王多 王蒙 JIANG Nan;WANG Liuqing;LI Zuliang;WANG Duo;WANG Meng(Risk Assessment Laboratory for Agro-products(Beijing),Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Agriculture Environment Monitoring,Beijing Research Center for Agricultural Standards and Testing,Beijing 100097,China;College of Food Science and Pharmacy,Xinjiang Agricultural University,ürümqi 830052,China)

机构地区：[1]北京农业质量标准与检测技术研究中心,农业农村部农产品质量安全风险评估实验室(北京),农产品产地环境监测北京市重点实验室,北京100097 [2]新疆农业大学食品科学与药学学院,新疆乌鲁木齐830052

出　　处：《食品科学》2019年第21期51-57,共7页Food Science

基　　金：北京市农林科学院青年基金项目(QNJJ201710);“十三五”国家重点研发计划重点专项(2016YFD0400902);北京市自然科学基金青年项目(6184038)

摘　　要：交链孢菌(Alternaria spp.)易侵染农作物,引起农产品病害,而且能够代谢产生交链孢毒素,包括细交链孢酮酸(tenuazonic acid,TeA)、交链孢酚(alternariol,AOH)、交链孢酚单甲醚(alternariol monomethyl ether,AME)等,严重影响人体健康。因此,亟需高效、安全的方法用以防控交链孢菌及其毒素积累。本实验研究了臭氧处理对体外互隔交链孢(A. alternata)生长及其产毒能力的影响。结果表明,臭氧处理组的菌落直径显著低于对照组(P<0.05),且臭氧处理可显著抑制互隔交链孢产生TeA、AOH、AME这3种交链孢毒素;利用扫描电子显微镜观察臭氧处理后互隔交链孢的微观形态,发现孢子和菌丝发生了凹陷、褶皱、断裂等异常现象;臭氧处理后的交链孢菌对番茄果实的致病力明显减弱,同时交链孢菌的产毒能力明显降低,20 mg/L臭氧处理条件下TeA、AOH、AME含量比对照组分别减少了36.1%、89.9%、93.2%。此外,臭氧对TeA、AOH、AME具有降解作用,降解率随着臭氧质量浓度的增加和处理时间的延长而显著提高,TeA经过20 mg/L臭氧处理30 min即可被完全降解,AOH及AME经20 mg/L臭氧处理120 min后降解率可达90%以上。综上,臭氧处理可以作为农产品及其制品中互隔交链孢及其毒素污染的防治手段。Alternaria spp. can easily infect crops, causing plant diseases. Furthermore, it can produce Alternaria toxins, mainly including tenuazonic acid(TeA), alternariol(AOH), and alternariol monomethyl ether(AME). The toxins pose serious risks to human health. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a highly efficient, safe and economical strategy to prevent and control the growth and mycotoxin production of Alternaria spp.. In this paper, we studied the effect of ozone on the growth of A. alternata and its ability to produce toxins in vitro. The results showed that the diameter of the colony was significantly lower after ozone treatment(P<0.05). Moreover, ozone could significantly inhibit the production of TeA, AOH and AME. It could cause morphological variations of the spores and hyphae, which became massively wrinkled and fractured, as the observed by scanning electron microscopy(SEM). In addition, it showed strong inhibitory effects on the pathogenicity and toxigenicity of A. alternata on tomato fruit. The concentrations of TeA, AOH and AME decreased by 36.1%, 89.9% and 93.2%, respectively after treatment with 20 mg/L ozone, and their degradation rates showed a positive correlation with ozone concentration and treatment time. TeA could be completely degraded after being treated with 20 mg/L ozone for 30 min. The degradation rates of AOH and AME were up to 90% when both mycotoxins were exposed to 20 mg/L ozone for 120 min. In conclusion, ozone could be used to prevent and control agricultural products from being polluted by A. alternata and its mycotoxins.

关 键 词：交链孢毒素 交链孢菌 臭氧 降解 

分 类 号：TS201.6[轻工技术与工程—食品科学]