发达国家义务教育制度的演变及启示  

The Evolution of the Compulsory Education System in Developed Countries and Its Inspirations

作　　者：王晓燕[1] Wang Xiaoyan(National Institute of Education Sciences)

机构地区：[1]中国教育科学研究院教育理论研究所

出　　处：《教育史研究》2019年第2期142-150,共9页Educational History Studies

基　　金：中国教育科学研究院基本科研业务费专项资金项目青年专项项目“G7成员国学制改革的比较研究”(GYD2016011)。

摘　　要：义务教育制度是国家的基本教育制度,具有强制性、普及性、免费性等内涵特征。发达国家义务教育制度的演变大致经历了“确定期”“发展期”“稳定期”三个阶段,体现出以下特征:义务教育的普及形式多样化,没有统一模型;义务教育年限逐步延长,没有标准长度;义务教育分流模式由低到高,重心各不相同。鉴于此,我国当下要立足于本国实际设定义务教育制度,通过多样化分流模式实现义务教育制度创新,慎重考虑义务教育年限延长的问题,义务教育制度改革必须考虑相应的配套改革。In China,the compulsory education system is a basic national system of education,which is compulsory,universal and free for all.The development of compulsory education in developed countries has gone through three stages:the diversified stage,the advancing stage and the steady stage.The first stage features diversified educational approaches without a unified model;the advancing stage features a prolonged time period to receive education yet without a standard for age limit;the steady stage features a split-flow with different priorities.In view of that,we should formulate the system of compulsory education that suits China’s reality,innovate by using the diversified models of split-flow,and consider cautiously about prolonging the time period for compulsory education.In the meantime,the supporting reforms must be taken into serious consideration along with the innovation of compulsory education.

关 键 词：义务教育 发达国家 制度演变 启示 

分 类 号：G512[文化科学—教育学]