从赤脚医生到仪式专家：传统知识在乡村社会中的延续——一项阅读史的研究  

From Barefoot Doctor to Ritual Expert:Inheritance of Traditional Knowledge in Rural Society

作　　者：董思思 Dong Sisi(Department of History,Xiamen University)

机构地区：[1]厦门大学历史学系

出　　处：《开放时代》2019年第6期201-221,M0009,共22页Open Times

基　　金：厦门大学研究生田野调查基金（项目号：2016GF005）的资助

摘　　要：本文讨论的是集体化时期乡村社会中传统知识的传承问题。在这一时期,国家出于意识形态的考量,一方面在国民教育中推行新课本,另一方面则严格管控"旧书"的流通,试图借此改造乡村社会的传统文化。但是,在一些经济模式相对稳定的乡村社会,其日常生活仍在一定程度上按照传统经验运作,也因此,承载着传统知识的"旧书"在政治运动中得以保存。本研究的主要受访者均在新中国成立之后出生,作为回乡知青,他们出于生计考虑,加之国家医疗政策的推动,选择成为赤脚医生。在对医书与其他"旧书"的接触中,他们习得乡村社会的传统知识,并在经济因素和乡村日常生活逻辑的双重影响下,在后集体化时期不约而同地成为仪式专家,以满足乡民的精神需求和社会需求。The paper discusses the inheritance of traditional knowledge in rural society during the collectivization period.In this period,the state,in an effort to transform the traditional culture of rural society,mandated the use of new textbooks in national education while strictly controlling the circulation of the"old books".In some rural society which the livelihood and business model of ordinary villagers are relatively stable,where the daily life was still operated to a large extent on the traditional experience.So the"old books"which carried the traditional knowledge are preserved in the political movements.the main informants in this paper were all born after 1949.As educated youth home,they chose to become barefoot doctors because of their livelihood and the promotion of national medical policies,and learned the traditional knowledge of rural society in contact with medical books and other"old books".In the post-collectivization period,they became experts in rituals invariably for the dual influence of economic factors and the logic of rural daily life,to meet the spiritual needs and social needs of the villagers.

关 键 词：阅读史 集体化时期 仪式专家 

分 类 号：G63[文化科学—教育学]