云南省新鲜蔬菜中11种有机磷农药残留情况分析及慢性累积暴露评估  

Contamination and cumulative risk assessment of 11 organophosphorus pesticides in fresh vegetables from Yunnan Province

作　　者：张婷 万玉萍[1] 段毅宏[1] 李彦生[1] 刘建辉[1] 许燕[1] ZHANG Ting;WAN Yuping;DUAN Yihong;LI Yansheng;LIU Jianhui;XU Yan(Yunnan Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Yunnan Kunming 650022,China)

机构地区：[1]云南省疾病预防控制中心

出　　处：《中国食品卫生杂志》2019年第5期475-480,共6页Chinese Journal of Food Hygiene

摘　　要：目的分析云南省新鲜蔬菜中11种有机磷农药的残留情况,评估云南省居民有机磷农药的慢性累积暴露风险。方法对2012-2017年云南省新鲜蔬菜中11种有机磷农药含量数据进行统计分析,结合2012年中国居民营养与健康状况调查中新鲜蔬菜消费量数据,采用危害指数法评估云南省居民有机磷农药的慢性累积暴露风险。结果 2 150份样品中11种有机磷农药总检出率为14.1%(303/2 150),超标率为4.3%(93/2 150)。危害指数法评估结果显示云南省居民平均危害指数为0.382 5,城市男性和城市低收入人群危害指数较高,分别为0.526 7和0.489 0,但均小于1。氧化乐果的慢性累积暴露量贡献率最高(48.3%)。结论云南省新鲜蔬菜存在有机磷农药残留情况,云南省居民经新鲜蔬菜摄入的有机磷农药慢性累积暴露风险小,但仍存在违规使用和滥用农药的问题,需加强对农药生产使用的监管。Objective To analyze the contamination of 11 organophosphorus pesticides in fresh vegetables from Yunnan Province and to assess the cumulative risk after chronic exposure. Methods Eleven organophosphorus pesticides content in fresh vegetables in Yunnan Province from 2012 to 2017 were analyzed, combined with the fresh vegetables consumption of National Nutrition and Health Survey in 2012, and hazard index method was used to assess the cumulative risk of organophosphate pesticides in Yunnan Province. Results The total detection rate of 11 organophosphorus pesticides in 2 150 samples was 14.1%(303/2 150),the exceeding standard rate was 4.3%(93/2 150).The result showed that the average hazard index of residents in Yunnan Province was 0.382 5 by hazard index method, the average hazard index of urban male(0.526 7) and urban low-income(0.489 0) were relatively high, but both less than 1. The chronic cumulative exposure contribution rate of omethoate was the highest(48.3%). Conclusion There was organophosphorus pesticide pollution of fresh vegetables in Yunnan Province, the risk of chronic accumulated exposure was low. Strengthening supervision of pesticide production and application still could not be ignored in order to control illegal use and abuse.

关 键 词：有机磷农药 蔬菜 残留情况 累积暴露 风险评估 云南 

分 类 号：R155[医药卫生—营养与食品卫生学]