高节竹笋出土后外观、营养和食味品质的时序变化  

Temporal Variation of Appearance, Nutrition and Eating Quality of Phyllostachys prominens Shoots after Unearthed

作　　者：时俊帅 章超 陈双林[1] 谷瑞 郭子武[1] 叶洪 孙鹏峰 江志标 SHI Jun-shuai;ZHANG Chao;CHEN Shuang-lin;GU Rui;GUO Zi-wu;YE Hong;SUN Peng-feng;JIANG Zhi-biao(Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry,Chinese Academy of Forestry,Hangzhou 311400,Zhejiang,China;Agriculture and Forest Technology Extention Central Station of Tonglu County,Zhejiang Province,Tonglu311500,Zhejiang,China)

机构地区：[1]中国林业科学研究院亚热带林业研究所,浙江杭州311400 [2]浙江省桐庐县农业和林业技术推广中心,浙江桐庐311500

出　　处：《林业科学研究》2019年第6期137-143,共7页Forest Research

基　　金：“十三五”国家重点研发计划重点专项课题(2016YFD0600903);中央财政林业科技推广示范资金项目(2015TS09)

摘　　要：[目的]分析高节竹笋出土后外观品质、营养品质、食味品质的时序变化规律,为高节竹高品质竹笋培育和生产提供参考。[方法]在高节竹出笋盛期采集刚出土和出土后1 d、出土后2 d、出土后3 d的竹笋,对竹笋外观品质、营养品质和食味品质指标进行测定。[结果]高节竹笋出土后生长时间对竹笋长度、笋个体质量和脂肪、维生素C、异亮氨酸、亮氨酸、赖氨酸以及木质素、草酸、单宁、总黄酮含量、芳香味氨基酸比例有明显影响,但对竹笋蛋白质、可溶性糖、蔗糖、淀粉及纤维素含量影响并不明显,对其它种类游离氨基酸、人体必需氨基酸、呈味氨基酸含量和氨基酸总量及人体必需氨基酸比例、呈味氨基酸比例影响也不明显。[结论]高节竹笋外观品质和食味品质存在明显的出土后时序变化,食味品质主要影响成分为木质素、草酸、单宁和总黄酮等,呈味氨基酸影响较小,营养品质也有一定程度的变化。从高品质竹笋生产出发,宜及时采挖出土后1 d内的竹笋。[Objective]The temporal variations of appearance,nutrition and eating quality of Phyllostachys prominens shoots at different harvest time were analyzed aiming at providing reference for the cultivation and production of high quality bamboo shoots.[Method]The appearance quality,nutrient quality and eating quality of bamboo shoots harvested at different times(1 day,2 days and 3 days after unearthed and unearthed)were investigated.[Result]The harvest time significantly affected the length,weight,and the contents of fat,vitamin C,isoleucine,leucine,lysine and lignose,tannin,oxalic acid,total flavone in bamboo shoots(P<0.05),but less affected the content of protein,soluble sugar,starch,sucrose,and cellulose(P>0.05),and no significant difference was found in the content of other amino acids,essential amino acids,total amino acid,flavored amino acids and the proportion of essential amino acids,flavored amino acids in bamboo shoots harvested at different time too(P>0.05).[Conclusion]It is suggested that there are obvious temporal variation in the appearance quality and eating quality of Phyllostachys prominens shoots after unearthed,the main influential components of eating quality are lignose,tannin,oxalic acid,total flavone,the effect of harvest time on flavor amino acids is small.Nutritional quality changed to some extents.Therefore,from the viewpoint of high quality bamboo shoot production,bamboo shoots within 1 day after unearthed should be harvested in time.

关 键 词：高节竹 采笋时间 营养品质 食味品质 高品质竹笋 

分 类 号：S795[农业科学—林木遗传育种]