考虑在能见度受限下行人跟随行为特性的建模与模拟  

Modeling and simulation of following behaviors of pedestrians under limited visibility

作　　者：杨灿 陈群[1] 陈璐 Yang Can;Chen Qun;Chen Lu(Traffic and Transportation Engineering,Central South University,Changsha 410075,China)

机构地区：[1]中南大学交通运输工程学院

出　　处：《物理学报》2019年第24期81-95,共15页Acta Physica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(批准号:50908235)资助的课题~~

摘　　要：研究了行人在能见度受限情况下的疏散行为,考虑行人对环境的熟悉程度,将行人分为熟悉环境人群和不熟悉环境人群.对于房间内熟悉环境的行人,改进势函数元胞自动机模型来模拟其疏散行为.对于不熟悉环境人群,分析其在视野范围内的跟随行为,并制定了不同跟随行为策略,来研究其跟随行为特性.仿真模拟了房间内熟悉环境人群的人数占比、房间内的视野半径大小以及行人密度等参数,研究其对行人疏散的影响,比较不熟悉环境人群采取的跟随策略的优劣.发现疏散时间的大小与房间内视野半径的大小和房间内熟悉环境者密度的大小有关.其次,跟随策略的有效性与视野半径的大小和熟悉环境者密度有关.而且在单一策略环境下,有着同样的规律.这些发现能对大型公共场所如超市、体育馆的应急疏散情况提供一些启示,有助于在视野受限情况下制定一些有效的指导策略.In order to investigate the following behaviors of pedestrians under limited visibility,pedestrian evacuation is simulated by an improved cellular automata model.Considering the familiarity of pedestrians with the environment,pedestrians are divided into two types:Informed type and uninformed type.For the informed pedestrians,an extended cost potential field cellular automata model is proposed.For the uninformed pedestrians,some following behavior strategies are suggested to study their evacuation behaviors.These following behaviors include following a pedestrian in the visibility(S1),following the most people’s position in the visibility(S2),following the most movement direction in the visibility(S3),and walking along the wall(S4).To investigate the evacuation efficiency of these different following strategies,we compare the performances of different densities of informed pedestrians,different visibility and different pedestrian proportions.As demonstrated by the simulation results,evacuation efficiency and the effectiveness of the following strategies are related to the visibility and density of informed pedestrians.The simulation results show that when the density of informed pedestrians is constant,S4 is more efficient at very poor visibility(R=1),strategy S3 and S4 are more efficient at poor visibility(1<R<7),and the four strategies are equally efficient at good visibility(R>6).In addition,when the visibility is constant,the density of informed pedestrians is less than 0.5,strategy S3 is the most efficient strategy.When the visibility is constant,the density of informed pedestrians is more than 0.5,the four strategies have a better performance.Moreover,it is noted that the same regular changes also exist in a single strategy environment.These findings can provide some insights into the emergency evacuation of large public places such as supermarkets and stadiums,and help develop effective guidance strategies under limited visibility.

关 键 词：元胞自动机 视野范围 环境熟悉度 行人疏散 

分 类 号：G63[文化科学—教育学]