政治、意见与真理——以汉娜·阿伦特的柏拉图解释为中心的考察  

Politics, Opinion and Truth: A Study from the Perspective of Hannah Arendt’s Reading of Plato’s Cave Allegory

作　　者：乐小军 LE Xiaojun

机构地区：[1]上海师范大学哲学系

出　　处：《哲学分析》2019年第6期119-129,193,194,共13页Philosophical Analysis

基　　金：国家哲学社会科学基金重大课题《西方伦理思想通史研究》(项目编号：12ZD122)

摘　　要：阿伦特认为西方政治哲学传统是从哲学的逻辑模式来理解政治的存在条件,其最大问题在于它对政治的偏见和敌视。该传统的创立者柏拉图的哲学中呈现出这种偏见。柏拉图是根据哲学家对城邦的态度来描述真理与意见的关系,这个关系在他那里表现为把一个绝对的标准引入人类事务领域来作为行动的尺度,也就是用制作来取代行动,从而导致了对人的复数性这个政治本质特征的抹杀。阿伦特要寻求的是一种属于政治世界而不是外在于政治世界的真理,它能够最大程度地保证政治的复数性条件,这就是以视角的复数性向我们显现的意见。Hannah Arendt believes that the Western tradition of political philosophy has understood the ontological condition of politics in terms of the philosophical logical mode.The greatest problem with it is that philosophy has the prejudice and hostile toward politics,which has its determinate origin in Plato who founded the tradition.Plato describes the relationship between truth and opinion according to the attitude of the philosopher towards politics.Besides,he introduces absolute standards applied to action into the realm of human affairs.Which is what Arendt calls“the traditional substitution of making for acting”.This leads to the elimination of the plurality,which is the essential feature of politics.Arendt attempts to look for the truth that is not out of this world but of it.In her view,the truth can guarantee the plurality condition of politics as far as possible,which is the opinion appearing to us from the plurality of perspectives.

关 键 词：政治 意见 真理 复数性 

分 类 号：B5[哲学宗教—外国哲学]