2013—2018年白银市学校食源性疾病暴发事件分析  

Analysis of foodborne disease outbreaks at schools in Baiyin city from 2013 to 2018

作　　者：马菊红[1] 张景辉[1] 杨军鹏[1] 陈安明[1] 曾同霞[1] MA Ju-hong;ZHANG Jing-hui;YANG Jun-peng;CHENAn-ming;ZEN Tong-xia(Baiyin Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Baiyin,Gansu 730900,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃省白银市疾病预防控制中心

出　　处：《疾病预防控制通报》2019年第5期29-31,48,共4页Bulletin of Disease Control & Prevention(China)

摘　　要：目的针对学校的食源性疾病暴发事件开展流行病学调查,寻找暴露因素,采取相应措施。方法对2013-2018年白银市学校食源性疾病暴发事件开展流行病学调查,以描述流行病学方法统计分析事件发生的时间、地区和人群等分布情况。结果2013-2018年全市学校共发生6起食源性疾病暴发事件、占暴发事件起数的11.32%,累计暴露人数860人,发病84人,无死亡病例,年均罹患率9.77%,各年罹患率差异有统计学意义(趋势χ^2=279.747,P=0.000);各县(区)中,靖远县发生起数最多(3起)、占50.00%,罹患率5.92%,其次为白银区(2起)、占33.33%,罹患率15.00%,主要发生在第二三季度;分析可疑食品,2起因食用剩菜剩饭引起,2起因食用未煮熟的食物引起,2起因学生营养餐饼干、牛奶和鸡蛋引起。结论白银市食源性疾病暴发事件总体呈下降趋势,且有明显季节性;可疑食品主要为剩饭剩菜、豆类食物及学校提供的营养餐;暴发原因以细菌性和植物性食物中毒为主;学校应加强食堂和营养餐配送单位管理,强化从业人员培训,严格管控原料采购、加工制作、清洗消毒和饮用水卫生等关键环节,在学生中开展食品安全健康宣传教育,减少并杜绝暴发事件发生。Objective To conduct epidemiological investigation on foodborne disease outbreaks at schools,find out exposure factors and take corresponding measures.Methods The foodborne disease outbreaks occurred at schools in Baiyin from 2013 to 2018 were epidemiologically investigated.The distributions of time,area and population were statistically analyzed with descriptive epidemiological method.Results Totally 6 foodborne disease outbreaks occurred at schools in the city from 2013 to 2018,and accounted for 11.32%of all outbreaks.There were 84 patients out of the 860 exposed persons,without any death cases.The average annual incidence rate was 9.77%,with statistical difference(trendχ^2=279.747,P=0.000)in the annual incidence rates.Among all counties(district),the number of outbreak was the most(3 outbreaks)in Jingyuan county,accounting for 50.00%,with the incidence rate of 5.92%,then was in Baiyin district(2 outbreaks),accounting for 33.33%,with the incidence rate of 15.00%.The outbreaks mainly occurred in the second and third quarters.Analyzing the suspicious food showed that leftover,undercooked food,biscuits,milk and eggs in the student nutritious meal caused 2 outbreaks each.Conclusions The outbreak of foodborne disease tends to be decrease,with obvious seasonality in Baiyin city.The suspicious food is mainly that of leftover,soy food and the nutritious food provided by school.Bacterial pollution and plant food poisoning are the main causes of the outbreaks.The management of school canteen and nutritious food delivery units should be strengthened,and the training should be reinforced in the employees.The key points such as food material purchase,cooking,cleaning and disinfection,health of drinking water should be strictly managed and controlled.The health propaganda and education on food safety should be carried out for reducing or eliminating outbreaks.

关 键 词：学校 食源性疾病 暴发事件 

分 类 号：R155.3[医药卫生—营养与食品卫生学]