北京市2010—2016年中小学生视力不良检出结果分析  

Poor eyesight in primary and middle school students in Beijing during 2010-2016

作　　者：王路[1] 黄剑辉[1] 夏志伟 刘峥[1] 赵海[1] 郭欣[1] WANG Lu;HUANG Jianhui;XIA Zhiwei;LIU Zheng;ZHAO Hai;GUO Xin(Beijing Center for Disease Control and Prevention/Beijing Center for Preventive Medicine Research,Beijing(100013),China)

机构地区：[1]北京市疾病预防控制中心学校卫生所/北京市预防医学研究中心

出　　处：《中国学校卫生》2019年第10期1539-1541,共3页Chinese Journal of School Health

摘　　要：目的了解北京市中小学生视力不良检出率及变化趋势,为学生视力保护及近视防控提供参考依据。方法按照《学生健康检查技术规范》(GB/T 26343-2010),采用标准对数视力表对北京市全体中小学生进行裸眼远视力检查。结果 2010-2016年北京市中小学生视力不良检出率分别为63.0%,62.1%,62.9%,60.7%,59.2%和58.6%,6年间下降了7.0%。2015-2016年小学生、初中生、普通高中生、职业高中生视力不良检出率分别为45.5%,78.4%,89.4%和74.5%,较2010-2011年小学生下降了9.7%,初中生、普通高中生和职业高中生分别增长了5.5%,3.3%和14.1%;2015-2016年,城区、郊区学生视力不良检出率分别为61.2%和54.3%,较2010-2011年分别下降了9.6%和2.9%。不论男生、女生,城区、郊区,2010-2016年,每年各学段学生总体构成比均表现为小学>初中>普通高中>职业高中,职业高中学生占比最小;随着年份的增加,小学的构成比增大。结论北京市中小学生视力不良防控工作任务艰巨。各部门应采取积极有效的措施,控制视力不良新发和加重,提高中小学生视力健康水平。Objective To understand the prevalence and trend of the poor eyesight in primary and middle school students in Beijing, and to provide theoretical basis for eyesight protection and myopia prevention and control. Methods According to "Technical Standard for Student Health Inspection"(GB/T 26343-2010), students were examined with a standard logarithmic visual acuity E chart for naked eye vision. Results The prevalence of poor eyesight among primary and middle school students in 2010-2016 was 63.0%, 62.1%, 62.9%, 60.7%, 59.2% and 58.6% respectively, decreased by 7.0% in 6 years, primary school students dropped by 9.7%, and junior school students, senior high school students and vocational high school students increased by 5.5%, 3.3% and 14.1% respectively. Urban and suburban areas(61.2%,54.3%) decreased by 9.6% and 2.9% respectively. Regardless of boys and girls, urban and suburb, between 2010 and 2016, the overall composition ratio of students in each school segment was expressed as primary school > junior school > senior high school students > vocational high school, and vocational high school students accounted for the minimum;the overall composition ratio of primary school has become more and more large.Conclusion Eyesight protection and myopia prevention among primary and middle school students in Beijing is still challenging. All departments should take active and effective measures to control the newly onset and progression of low vision and improve eyesight.

关 键 词：视力 低 近视 患病率 学生 

分 类 号：G627.9[文化科学—教育学] R778.1[医药卫生—眼科]