黄河中游新石器时代滤酒陶壶分析  

An Analysis of Pottery Strainers in the Middle Yellow River Valley during the Neolithic Age

作　　者：刘莉[1] 王佳静[2] 陈星灿[3] 李永强[3] 

机构地区：[1]美国斯坦福大学东亚语言与文化系 [2]美国斯坦福大学考古中心 [3]中国社会科学院考古研究所,北京100710

出　　处：《中原文物》2019年第6期55-61,共7页Cultural Relics of Central China

摘　　要：河南郑州大河村、偃师灰嘴和渑池仰韶村出土了三件仰韶晚期至龙山早期的带流陶壶,流口部均施有小孔,显然具有过滤功能。根据对灰嘴出土标本的淀粉粒和植硅体残留物分析,我们认为这件带流壶用于过滤米酒,包括黍和大米;酿造方法很可能是利用发芽的黍和稻谷进行糖化。壶底部的外壁有烟痕,说明该器用于温酒。这三件带流壶是中原地区最早的滤酒壶,有时与制作精美的陶杯共存。这些新器形的突然出现可能是受到大汶口和屈家岭文化的影响,反映了一种新的饮酒方式的出现,也是距今5000年前后跨地区文化交往加剧和社会等级化发展的结果。Three pottery strainers,characterized by multiple holes in the closed spout,were unearthed at Dahecun in Zhengzhou,Huizui in Yanshi and Yangshaocun in Mianchi,all in Henan province,dating to the Late Yangshao and Early Longshan periods.Based on the analysis of starch granules and phytoliths in the residues from the Huizui strainer,we argue that this vessel was used to filter fermented beverages made of broomcorn millet and rice,and the brewing method was probably by use of germinated millet and rice for saccharification.There are smoke traces on the external wall of the bottom,indicating that this vessel was used for heating alcohol.These three vessels are the earliest alcohol strainers so far found in the Central Plains,sometimes coexisting with elaborately crafted pottery cups.The sudden occurrence of these new pottery types may have been by influence from the Dawenkou and Qujialing cultures.This phenomenon reflects the emergence of a new way of alcohol drinking,resulting from intensified cultural exchanges and development of social hierarchy around 5,000 years ago.

关 键 词：淀粉粒 植硅体 谷芽酒 仰韶文化 带流壶 

分 类 号：K87[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]