辣椒素对老年人盐味觉敏感度的影响  

Effects of capsaicin on tasting salt in older people

作　　者：刘彤[1] 陈思娇[1] 祝之明[2] LIU Tong;CHEN Sijiao;ZHU Zhiming(Department of Geriatric Cardiology,The First Hospital,China Medical University,Shenyang 110001,China;Department of Hypertension and Endocrinology,Daping Hospital,Third Military Medical University,Chongqing 400042,China)

机构地区：[1]中国医科大学附属第一医院老年心血管内科,沈阳110001 [2]第三军医大学大坪医院高血压内分泌科,重庆400042

出　　处：《中国医科大学学报》2020年第2期120-123,共4页Journal of China Medical University

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划)(2012CB517800)

摘　　要：目的观察老年人盐味觉情况,探讨辣椒素对老年人盐味觉敏感度的影响。方法采用横断面设计,将2017年4月至2018年9月中国医科大学附属第一医院老年心血管内科115例60~95岁住院患者作为研究对象。其中90例患者完整留取24 h尿液。盐味觉测试应用NaCl溶液和添加0.5μmol/L辣椒素(NaCl+CAP)溶液测定盐阈值、盐喜好。结果盐阈值≥50mmol/L共53例(46.1%);盐喜好为75mmol/L、100mmol/L共66例(57.4%)。总体24 h尿钠中位水平为89.2(48.8)mmol/24h,对应食盐摄入量为7.3(4.0)g/d。辣椒素添加前后患者盐喜好差异具有统计学意义(P<0.01)。配对差异检验结果显示,19例(63.3%)盐阈值为50mmol/L与17例(73.9%)盐阈值为75 mmol/L的患者指出NaCl+CAP溶液的盐味强度大于NaCl溶液,提示受试者盐味感知明显增加。结论老年人盐阈值≥50 mmol/L,盐喜好为75 mmol/L、100mmol/L居多,盐摄入量>6g/d。总体、男性及女性摄盐达标率均不足50%。0.5μmol/L辣椒素可以明显增加老年人对咸味的感知,降低盐喜好,增加盐味觉敏感度。Objective To observe older people’s ability to taste salt and explore whether capsaicin can enhance tasting sensitivity.Methods A cross-sectional design was used to study 115 people aged between 60 and 95 years who had been in-patients in the Department of Geriatric Cardiology of the First Hospital of China Medical University from April 2017 to September 2018.The urine of 90 patients was completely retained for 24 hours.A sodium chloride(NaCl)solution and 0.5μmol/L capsaicin(NaCl+CAP)salt solution were used to determine salt threshold and salt preference.Results A total of 53 cases(46.1%)had a salt threshold higher than 50 mmol/L.A total of 66 patients(57.4%)had a salt preference of between 75 mmol/L and 100 mmol/L.The median urinary sodium level was 89.2(48.8)mmol/24 hours,and the corresponding salt intake was 7.3(4.0)g/d.The difference in salt preference before and after capsaicin was added was statistically significant(P<0.01).Through a paired difference test,it was found that 19 cases(63.3%)of the subjects with a salt threshold of 50 mmol/L and 17 cases(73.9%)of the subjects with a salt threshold of 75 mmol/L indicated that the salt taste intensity of NaCl+CAP solution was greater than the NaCl solution.This suggests that some subject's salt taste perception had significantly increased.Conclusion The salt threshold of older people is greater than or equal to 50 mmol/L.Their salt preferences are mostly between 75 mmol/L and 100 mmol/L,and their salt intake is>6 g/d.Overall,salt intake compliance was less than 50%.In the elderly,0.5μmol/L of capsaicin can significantly increase the taste perception of salt,reduce salt preference and increase salt taste sensitivity.

关 键 词：老年人 辣椒素 盐阈值 盐喜好 盐味觉敏感度 

分 类 号：R544.1[医药卫生—心血管疾病]