上海市护士工作心理负荷的潜在剖面分析  

Latent profile analysis of mental workload of nurses in Shanghai

作　　者：梁丽玲 邓娟[1] 叶旭春[1] LIANG Liling;DENG Juan;YE Xuchun(School of Nursing,the Second Military Medical University,Shanghai,200433,China)

机构地区：[1]第二军医大学护理学院

出　　处：《中国护理管理》2019年第12期1805-1809,共5页Chinese Nursing Management

基　　金：国家社会科学重大招标项目（17ZDA327）

摘　　要：目的:分析上海市护士工作心理负荷的主要类型以及不同类别间人口学变量的分布差异。方法:采用便利抽样法选取上海市7家综合医院的1025名护士,采用一般人口学问卷、护士版NASA任务负荷指数量表对护士工作心理负荷进行调查,对结果进行潜在剖面分析,并对不同类别间人口学变量的分布差异进行检验。结果:护士工作心理负荷可分为“低负荷感受-高自我评价型”(31.1%)、“中负荷感受-中自我评价型”(27.7%)、“高负荷感受-高自我评价型”(24.4%)和“高负荷感受-低自我评价型”(16.8%)4个潜在类别。不同类别的护士在年龄、护龄、有无子女、居住情况、科室、职称、加班时间、年收入的分布上存在差异,而在婚姻状况、文化程度、医院等级的分布上无差异。结论:护士工作心理负荷水平可分为4个类别,不同类别护士的部分人口学变量分布存在差异,应当根据各类别的不同特征采取相应干预措施以降低护士工作心理负荷水平。Objective:To analyze the classification of mental workload of nurses in Shanghai,and to identify the difference in demographic variables for each latent category.Methods:A total of 1025 nurses from 7 general hospitals in Shanghai were investigated with a self-developed questionnaire about demographic information and nurse-version NASA Task Load Index.Latent profile class analysis and difference test of demographic variables among categories were conducted.Results:Nurses'mental workload was divided into"low workload perception—high self-evaluation group"(31.1%),"moderate workload perception—moderate self-evaluation group"(27.7%),"high workload perception—high self-evaluation group"(24.4%)and"high workload perception—low self-evaluation group"(16.8%).Different distributions of age,working years,having children or not,living condition,working department,professional title,working overtime and annual income existed among four mental workload groups,and there was no statistical difference in marital status,education level and hospital grade.Conclusion:Nurses'mental workload in Shanghai can be classified into four categories.The characteristics of some demographic variables were different for those with different mental workload categories.To reduce nurses'mental workload,the different demographic characteristics of nurses should be considered in the implementation of intervention.

关 键 词：护士 心理负荷 潜在剖面分析 

分 类 号：R47[医药卫生—护理学]