动车车轴直径测量系统的设计与实现  

Design and implementation of diameter measuring system for axle

作　　者：王华[1,2] 赵伟甫 高金刚[1] 张爽[1] 刘孝峰 WANG Hua;ZHAO Weifu;GAO Jingang;ZHANG Shuang;LIU Xiaofeng(School of Mechanics Engineering,Changchun Institute of Technology,Changchun 130012,CHN;School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Changchun University of Technology,Changchun 130012,CHN;Ministry of Industrial Planning and Development,CRRC Changchun Railway Vehicles Co.,Ltd.,Changchun 130062,CHN)

机构地区：[1]长春工程学院机电工程学院,吉林长春130012 [2]长春工业大学机电工程学院,吉林长春130012 [3]中车长春轨道客车股份有限公司工业规划发展部,吉林长春130062

出　　处：《制造技术与机床》2020年第1期119-123,共5页Manufacturing Technology & Machine Tool

基　　金：吉林省科技发展计划项目(20180201009GX,20190302024GX)

摘　　要：针对轨道装备行业车轴检测技术落后,效率不高的问题,设计并实现了一种车轴自动化非接触快速测量直径检测系统。该系统利用位移传感器纵向扫描法来实现测量动车车轴的直径;介绍了车轴测量系统的部分机械结构组成原理;位移传感器在系统中的工作过程;指出了该系统存在的误差因素,采用直线搜索理论和最速下降算法相结合修正了位移传感器在扫描过程中激光不连续的误差,并求出该过程的最小距离,进而采用相对测量求出该车轴截面的直径。利用激光跟踪仪对横梁移动主轴的定位误差进行了温度补偿,取得了良好的补偿效果;通过实验论证了测量系统的数据准确性和稳定性;实验结果表明,系统的测量精度为0.007 mm,系统的重复测量精度为0.005 mm,具有操作快捷、测量速度快的优点。满足了在线非接触测量的要求。In order to realize automatic,fast and non-contact measurement for CRH axle diameter,a measuring system of axle diameter is designed.This system uses the displacement sensor scanning method to measure the diameter of the axle.This paper mainly introduces the mechanical structure of the axle measuring system,the working mode of the sensors used in the system.The error source of the system is pointed out.The error of laser discontinuity in the scanning process of displacement sensor is corrected by combining the linear search theory and the steepest descent algorithm,and then minimum distance of the process is obtained;at the same tine the diameter of the position can be obtained by relative measurement..The laser tracker is used to compensate the positioning error of the beam spindle.The experimental results show that the accuracy of the system is 0.007 mm,the accuracy of repeated measurement is 0.005 mm,and the operation is simple and the measuring speed is fast.It can meet the requirement of automatic on-line non-contact measurement.

关 键 词：直径测量 非接触激光扫描法 最速下降法 

分 类 号：TP278[自动化与计算机技术—检测技术与自动化装置]