韩国乡村反贫困的实践及其启示研究  

Research on the practice of Rural Anti-Poverty in Korea and its enlightenment

作　　者：王志章[1] 陈亮[2] 王静[1] WANG Zhizhang;CHEN Liang;WANG Jing

机构地区：[1]西南大学经济管理学院,重庆400715 [2]西南大学政治与公共管理学院,重庆400715

出　　处：《世界农业》2020年第1期41-48,130,共9页World Agriculture

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“民族地区深度贫困大调查与贫困陷阱跨越策略研究”(18ZDA121);国家社会科学基金重点项目“西部地区精准脱贫与乡村振兴融合的路径设计与政策协同研究”(18ASH006)阶段性研究成果

摘　　要：第二次世界大战后,韩国经历了农村经济衰退与乡村贫困。为了振兴农村,解决农村的贫困问题,韩国政府于20世纪中后期开展了“新村运动”,在人多地少的情况下,建立了发达的农业发展体系,成功地改善了农村住房条件,使农业发展步入了现代化的道路,令世人瞩目。中国的经济发展与韩国当年有一定的相似性,因此,本文从物质贫困、精神贫困、心理贫困3个维度分析了韩国乡村贫困的现状与原因,归纳出韩国乡村反贫困的经验与不足,并在此基础上,从培养高素质农民、加强农村文化建设、强化农民组织建设、激活农村发展内生动力等方面得出一些启示,这无疑对推动中国当前实施的乡村振兴战略具有借鉴价值。After the Second World War,South Korea have experienced rural recession and rural poverty.In order to revitalize rural areas and solve the problem of rural poverty,the government launched a rural movement in the middle and late 20th century,and then established a developed agricultural development system with large population but little land,and successfully improved rural housing conditions.The development of agriculture had stepped into the modernization,which had attracted the attention of the world.China’s and South Korea’s economic development have a certain degree of similarity,therefore,this paper analyzes South Korea’s current situation and causes of rural poverty from the three dimensions of material poverty,spiritual poverty and psychological poverty,and sums up the experience and deficiency of rural anti-poverty.We can get some enlightenments from South Korea’s experience in cultivating modern new farmers,strengthening the construction of rural culture,strengthening the construction of farmers’organizations,activating the endogenous driving force of rural development,etc.There is no doubt that it is of reference value to promote the current strategy of rural revitalization in our country.

关 键 词：韩国 乡村贫困 “新村运动” 对策建议 

分 类 号：F32[经济管理—产业经济]