苏州古典园林的“归来意”  

The “Intention of Returning” of Suzhou Classical Gardens

作　　者：刘中文[1] LIU Zhongwen(Academic Journal Center,Suzhou Vocational University,Suzhou 215104,China)

机构地区：[1]苏州市职业大学学术期刊中心

出　　处：《苏州教育学院学报》2019年第6期27-36,共10页Journal of Suzhou College of Education

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目（17ZDA252）

摘　　要：陶渊明《归去来兮辞》的根本旨趣是息交绝游、回归天道、谨守本真。苏州古典园林的主人们在园林中隐居、学陶。在园隐生涯中,园主们的价值取向与陶渊明趋同。陶渊明的“归来意”在苏州古典园林中以诸多“陶语”的形式得以张扬,“归来意”体现为园主们的疏离官场、亲近自然、回归本真、乐天安命等诸多心理诉求。文徵明三十二年的“园隐”人生,最能凸显苏州古典园林的“归来意”。由于园主们衣食无患、生存无忧,他们“非深于道”,因而“未达道”,其“园隐”与陶渊明艰难躬耕的田园之隐有着本质差异。平心而论,苏州园林浓厚的“归来意”,客观上增强了园林的艺术氛围,丰富了园林的艺术内涵,提升了苏州园林的美学品格。这既是陶渊明的文化精神的勃发,也是一代代园林主人们所建立的文化功绩。The basic purport of Tao Yuanming’s Return to the Past is to get along well with each other,and to return to and retain the truth.The owners of Suzhou classical gardens lived in seclusion and learned from Tao.The life values of the garden owners are similar to those of Tao’s.Tao Yuanming’s“intention of returning”has been publicized in Suzhou classical gardens in the form of many“Tao languages”.The“intention of returning”is embodied in the psychological demands of the owners,such as alienating the official arena,being close to nature,returning to the original truth,and living happily.Wen Zhengming’s thirty-two years of“secluded”life in the garden can best highlight the“intention of returning”of Suzhou classical gardens.Because the owners of the garden have no trouble in food and clothing,and have no worries in survival.Their“hiding in the gardens”is essentially different from Tao Yuanming’s hard-working seclusion.Fairly speaking,Suzhou gardens’strong“intention of returning”objectively enhances the artistic atmosphere of the gardens,enriches the artistic connotation of the gardens,and improves the aesthetic character of Suzhou gardens.This is not only the flourishing of Tao Yuanming’s cultural spirit,but also the cultural achievements established by generations of garden owners.

关 键 词：苏州园林 《归去来兮辞》 归来意 园隐 陶语 回归本真 乐天安命 文徵明 园林美学 

分 类 号：I206.2[文学—中国文学]