Web2.0环境下的认知系统与知识系统协同建构机理  

Collaborative construction mechanism of cognitive system and knowledge system under the Web 2.0 environment

作　　者：裘江南 杨畅 王婧贤 Qiu Jiangnan;Yang Chang;Wang Jingxian(Faculty of Management and Economics,Dalian University of Technology,Dalian 116024,Liaoning,China)

机构地区：[1]大连理工大学管理与经济学部

出　　处：《科研管理》2019年第12期94-104,共11页Science Research Management

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(71573030);辽宁省社科规划基金重点项目(L19BGL001)

摘　　要：随着Web2.0的发展,知识建构呈现出新的特征:用户不再是单纯的知识“接收者”,还是知识“创造者”,知识建构由单向的认知建构向双向的认知和社会协同建构转变。本文在分析了Web2.0环境特征的基础上,结合认知建构主义与社会建构主义理论,提出Web2.0环境下的认知系统和知识系统协同建构模型,揭示了其中的认知与社会的协同建构机理。阐述了其中知识内化与知识外化的双向建构过程,个体的认知系统是通过内部同化拓展认知结构,通过内部顺应学习改变其认知结构,进而通过外部同化和外部顺应建构知识系统。其中认知冲突能够促进内部顺应和外部顺应的发生,是推动认知系统和知识系统协同演化的关键因素;而作为两个系统相互作用的中介的交流与沟通则是解决个体之间以及群体之间认知冲突的主要方式。最后,以维基百科为例对模型进行了进一步的解释。With the development of Web 2.0, social software provides a platform for the interaction between cognitive construction of cognitive systems and social construction of knowledge systems. The two systems are no longer separated, and the construction of knowledge changes from one-way construction to collaborative construction. On the one hand, users construct knowledge systems. On the other hand, knowledge systems also affect users’ subjective knowledge structure. Since the cognitive construction of cognitive systems is unified with the social construction of knowledge systems, cognitive constructivism focuses on the process of construction from the outside, which we call it the "internalization of knowledge" process;while social constructivism focuses on the external construction process, we call it the "externalization of knowledge" process. The two processes alternate to promote the transfer forward of knowledge. This synergy and interaction between cognitive systems and knowledge systems makes knowledge construction a new feature: users are constantly participating in the construction of social knowledge while enriching and perfecting their own knowledge. They are not only the recipients but also the creators of information, and the knowledge construction is transformed from unidirectional(i.e. cognitive construction) to bidirectional construction(i.e. cognitive and social synergistic construction). Therefore, considering the combination of cognitive constructivism and social constructivism to study the mechanism of knowledge construction in the Web 2.0 environment has become a hot topic of the constructivism research. Constructivism is a kind of conception or epistemology. It is a framework for formation, operation and nature of human thoughts, concepts and knowledge. In recent years, the study of constructivist theory has focused on two aspects: the first is cognitive constructivism based on individual construction and the second is social constructivism based on social construction. Among them, the main po

关 键 词：协同建构 WEB2.0 认知建构主义 社会建构主义 

分 类 号：G350[文化科学—情报学]