危机情境下领导的外向型特质的激活及效能研究——以农夫山泉“砒霜门”事件与“标准门”事件为例  

Research on the Activation and Effectiveness of Leader’s Extroverted Traits in Enterprise Crisis——Taking ’Arsenic’ and ’Standard’ Incidents in Nongfu Spring as Examples

作　　者：周舜怡 贾建锋[2] 张大鹏 Zhou Shunyi;Jia Jianfeng;Zhang Dapeng(School of Labor and Human Resources,Beijing,100872;School of Business Administration Northeastern University,Shenyang,100169;School of Management China University of Mining and Technology,Xuzhou,221008)

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学劳动人事学院,北京100872 [2]东北大学工商管理学院,沈阳100169 [3]中国矿业大学管理学院,徐州221008

出　　处：《中国人力资源开发》2019年第12期105-121,共17页Human Resources Development of China

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(71672031; 71972032);辽宁省兴辽英才计划项目资助(XLYC1807218);教育部人文社会科学研究规划基金项目(16YJA630018);辽宁省社会科学基金项目(L19BGL004)

摘　　要：以农夫山泉领导者钟睒睒为研究对象,采用扎根理论方法,一方面阐明了危机事件中的情境因素对领导的外向型特质的激活作用,另一方面从事件系统理论下的整合理论构建方法出发,探讨了外向型领导特质与领导效能间的作用路径。研究发现,当危机事件符合中断性、新颖性和重要性这三个特征时,会使得个体的特质和决策行为发生变化,具体来说:(1)在危机情境中,当领导者受到事件重要性维度的刺激时,全部表层特质"积极、运用策略、善于说服"与部分核心特质"武断、专横、好斗、寻求主导地位和自信"处于激活状态,且表层特质占据特质表达的主导地位;而当领导者受到事件三要素的同时刺激时(即危机事件具有中断性、新颖性和重要性这三个特征),易于激活全部核心特质,并削弱表层特质的表达作用。(2)领导的外向型特质中的核心特质与危机事件相互作用,易出现认知闭合,并做出非理性决策行为,使得企业公信力降低、损失增大、后危机恢复期延长;而领导的外向型特质中的表层特质与危机事件相互作用,易出现认知开放,并做出理性决策行为,使得企业公信力提高、损失减小、后危机恢复期缩短。This paper takes Zhong Shanshan,the leader of Nongfu Spring as the research object,using grounded theory.On the one hand,it illustrates how leaders express their traits based on crisis situations;on the other hand,according to the integrative theory-building approach from event system theory,it discusses the acting paths of extroverted leader traits on its effectiveness.The results showed that:(a)In enterprise crisis,when leader is activated by event novelty’counter attack continuously’,all the extrinsic traits’positive,apply strategies and skillful persuasion’and part of intrinsic traits will be active,and the extrinsic traits are in the dominance position of traits expression;And when leader is activated by event novelty,event disrupty and event criticialty,it’s tend to activate all intrinsic traits’arbitrary,imperious,bellicose,seek for dominant position and self-confidence’,and the extrinsic traits will be weaken in intensity.(b)when the intrinsic traits interacted with the crisis event,the extroverted leader will prone to cognitive closure,making non rational decisions.It will ultimately reduce corporate credibility,increase loss,extend the post crisis recovery period;when the extrinsic traits interacted with the crisis event,the extroverted leader will prone to cognitive openness,making rational decisions.It will ultimately improve corporate credibility,reduce loss and shorten the post crisis recovery period.

关 键 词：危机情境 外向型特质 领导特质有效性 事件系统理论 整合理论建构方法 

分 类 号：G63[文化科学—教育学]