新中国成立70年来我国特殊教育课程改革的回顾与前瞻  

70 Years of Curriculum Reform in Special Education: Review and Prospect

作　　者：黄志军 曾凡林 刘春玲 HUANG Zhijun;ZENG Fanlin;LIU Chunling(Faculty of Education,East China Normal University,Shanghai,200062)

机构地区：[1]华东师范大学教育学部

出　　处：《中国特殊教育》2019年第12期3-11,共9页Chinese Journal of Special Education

基　　金：全国教育科学“十二五”规划2014年度国家重点课题“特殊教育支持保障体系研究”(课题批准号:AHA140008)研究成果之一

摘　　要：新中国成立70年来,我国义务教育阶段的特殊教育经历了五次课程改革,大致可以划分为五个阶段:(1)初创期(1949-1976年);(2)重建期(1977-1992年);(3)发展期(1993-2006年);(4)初步成熟期(2007-2015年);(5)全面深化期(2016年至今)。五次特殊教育课程改革呈现出以下趋势:(1)课程目标从简单移植逐步走向本体回归;(2)课程内容从功能单一逐步走向多元整合;(3)课程实施从固定封闭逐步走向弹性开放;(4)课程评价从静态单一逐步走向动态多元。新中国成立70年来我国特殊教育课程改革的主要经验是:(1)始终坚持党和政府强有力的领导;(2)始终坚持"以人为本"的教育理念;(3)始终坚持探索中国特色课改经验;(4)始终坚持科学、严谨的实证精神。我国未来特殊教育课程改革方向是:(1)构建融合共通的课程体系;(2)强化基于课程标准的教学;(3)提高课程实施的保障水平;(4)启动课程实施的质量监测。Since the founding of the People’s Republic of China, there have been five stages of curriculum reform for special educationin compulsory education:1) establishment and standardization(1949-1976);2) reconstruction and development(1977-1992);3) further exploration(1993-2006);4) formation and improvement(2007-2015);5) comprehensive upgrading(2016-present). On the whole, there have been the following development trends: 1) The objectives gradually moved from "simple transplantation" to "ontology regression";2) The course content gradually moved from "single function" to "multiple integration";3) The implementation gradually moved from "fixed and closed" to "flexible and open";4) The curriculum evaluation gradually moved from "static single" to "dynamic multiple". The main experiences are as follows:Always adhere to 1) the Chinese Communist Party’s and the government’s strong leadership;2) the concept of "people-orientation";3) exploring the experience with Chinese characteristics;4) the scientific and rigorous empirical spirit. Four directions of future curriculum reform are put forward: 1) Building integrated and diverse curriculum system;2) Strengthening curriculum-based teaching;3) Improving the organization and implementation of teaching;4) Starting quality monitoring of the implementation.

关 键 词：新中国 特殊教育 课程改革 

分 类 号：G760[文化科学—特殊教育学]