机构地区：[1]Department of Medicine,Taipei Veterans General Hospital,Taipei 11217,Taiwan [2]Pharmacological Department of Herbal Medicine,Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences,Kagoshima 890-8544,Japan [3]Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology,Department of Medicine,Taipei Veterans General Hospital,Taipei 11217,Taiwan [4]Faculty of Medicine and Institute of Emergency and Critical Medicine,National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine,Taipei 11221,Taiwan [5]Association for the Study of Small Intestinal Diseases,Taoyuan 33305,Taiwan [6]Chinese Taipei Society for the Study of Obesity,Taipei 110,Taiwan
出 处：《World Journal of Diabetes》2020年第2期26-32,共7页世界糖尿病杂志（英文版）（电子版）
摘 要：The prevalence of overweight and obesity has increased worldwide.Obesity is a well-known risk factor of type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease and raises public health concerns.Many dietary guidelines encourage the replacement of refined grains with whole grains(WGs)to enhance body weight management.Current evidence regarding interrelationships among WGs,body weight,and gut microbiota is limited and inconclusive.In this editorial,we comment on the article by Roager et al published in the recent issue of the Gut 2019;68(1):83-93.In the study,obese patients(25<body mass index<35 kg/m2)were randomly assigned to receive two 8-wk dietary controlling periods with WGs and refined grain-rich diet.The results showed significantly decreased body weight in the WG group.Either the composition of gut microbiota or short-chain fatty acids,the leading end product of fermentation of non-digestible carbohydrate by gut microbiota,did not differ between the two groups.The study highly indicated that a WG-rich diet reduced body weight independent of gut microbiota.We then raised some plausible mechanisms of how WGs might influence body weight and demonstrated more literature in line with WGs enhance body weight control through a microbiota-independent pathway.Possible mechanisms include:(1)The abundant dietary fiber contents of WGs increase satiety,satiation,energy excretion from stool,and energy expenditure simultaneously decreasing energy absorption and fat storage;(2)The plentiful amount of polyphenols of WGs improve energy expenditure by hampering adipocyte maturation and function;(3)The sufficient magnesium and zinc of WGs guarantee lean body mass growth and decrease fat mass;(4)The effect of WGs on brown adipose tissue is a key component of non-shivering thermogenesis;and(5)The increase of adiponectin by WGs enhances glucose utilization,lipid oxidation,and energy expenditure.The prevalence of overweight and obesity has increased worldwide. Obesity is a well-known risk factor of type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease and raises public health concerns. Many dietary guidelines encourage the replacement of refined grains with whole grains(WGs) to enhance body weight management. Current evidence regarding interrelationships among WGs, body weight, and gut microbiota is limited and inconclusive. In this editorial, we comment on the article by Roager et al published in the recent issue of the Gut2019; 68(1): 83-93. In the study, obese patients(25 < body mass index < 35 kg/m2)were randomly assigned to receive two 8-wk dietary controlling periods with WGs and refined grain-rich diet. The results showed significantly decreased body weight in the WG group. Either the composition of gut microbiota or short-chain fatty acids, the leading end product of fermentation of non-digestible carbohydrate by gut microbiota, did not differ between the two groups. The study highly indicated that a WG-rich diet reduced body weight independent of gut microbiota. We then raised some plausible mechanisms of how WGs might influence body weight and demonstrated more literature in line with WGs enhance body weight control through a microbiota-independent pathway.Possible mechanisms include:(1) The abundant dietary fiber contents of WGs increase satiety, satiation, energy excretion from stool, and energy expendituresimultaneously decreasing energy absorption and fat storage;(2) The plentiful amount of polyphenols of WGs improve energy expenditure by hampering adipocyte maturation and function;(3) The sufficient magnesium and zinc of WGs guarantee lean body mass growth and decrease fat mass;(4) The effect of WGs on brown adipose tissue is a key component of non-shivering thermogenesis; and(5) The increase of adiponectin by WGs enhances glucose utilization, lipid oxidation, and energy expenditure.
关 键 词：Whole grain OBESITY MICROBIOTA Short-chain fatty acids Brown adipose tissue ADIPONECTIN
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