无人水面艇技术发展回顾与趋势分析  

Development Review and Trend Analysis of Unmanned Surface Vehicles Technology

作　　者：张伟[1,2] 廖煜雷[1] 姜峰 赵铁军[2] ZHANG Wei;LIAO Yulei;JIANG Feng;ZHAO Tiejun(Harbin Engineering University,Harbin 150001,China;Harbin Institute of Technology,Harbin 150001,China)

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨工程大学,哈尔滨150001 [2]哈尔滨工业大学,哈尔滨150001

出　　处：《无人系统技术》2019年第6期1-9,共9页Unmanned Systems Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金（51779052,51579022,51709214,51879057）;国防科技创新特区项目（KY70100190012）;黑龙江省“头雁”创新团队;黑龙江省博士后科研启动金（LBH-Q17046）

摘　　要：无人水面艇(USV)与无人机、无人车和无人潜航器同属于四大无人平台成员,受到计算机、控制、人工智能、材料、通信、传感器等高新技术的推动,近30年来发展十分迅猛。首先从认识海洋、海洋经济和海洋安全等角度出发,论证了发展USV的必要性,并对其系统组成和技术分类进行了详细的阐述。对USV发展萌芽阶段、起步阶段和快速发展阶段中,各主要军事强国特别是中国的经典型号进行了介绍。最后总结了载体设计、先进材料、自主控制和环境感知四项关键技术和未来发展趋势。Unmanned surface vehicle(USV),together with unmanned aerial vehicles,unmanned vehicle,and underwater unmanned vehicles,are members of the four unmanned platforms.Unmanned surface vehicles have been developed rapidly in the past 30 years,driven by high technology such as computers,control,artificial intelligence,materials,communications,and sensors.First of all,from the perspective of understanding the ocean,marine economy and marine safety,the necessity of developing USV is demonstrated,and its system composition and technical classification are described in detail.This paper introduces the classic models of major military powers,especially China,in the embryonic stage,initial stage and rapid development stage of USV.Finally,four key technologies and future development trends of carrier design,advanced materials,autonomous control and environmental awareness are summarized.

关 键 词：无人水面艇(USV) 载体设计 先进材料开发 自主控制 环境感知 多无人艇编队 

分 类 号：TP273[自动化与计算机技术—检测技术与自动化装置] U664[自动化与计算机技术—控制科学与工程]