小型电加热反应器温度的自整定PID控制  

Auto-tuning PID control of temperature in a small electric heating reactor

作　　者：邹志云 刘燕军 于蒙 孟磊 郭宁 ZOU Zhiyun;LIU Yanjun;YU Meng;MENG Lei;GUO Ning(Research Institute of Chemical Defense,Military Academy of Sciences,Beijing 102205,China)

机构地区：[1]军事科学院防化研究院

出　　处：《计算机与应用化学》2019年第5期465-469,共5页Computers and Applied Chemistry

基　　金：原总装基础研究项目(LD6C03);军内科研项目(JK2019-11-C4301)

摘　　要：针对化工合成实验常用的小型电加热反应器,设计了以西门子S7-200 PLC为基础控制器,经调压板驱动可控硅调节加热电压,用工业PC上位机进行组态监控的反应温度控制系统。由于电加热系统具有较大的纯滞后、非线性和惯性滞后,而且化学反应过程特性复杂,具有时变、非线性等难控特性,常规的人工整定PID控制难以满足电加热反应控制要求。基于Bang-Bang继电反馈自整定原理和Ziegler-Nichols PID整定经验公式,给出了Bang-Bang自整定PID控制算法。用STEP7 MicroWin32开发了S7-200 PLC控制软件,用KINGVIEW(组态王)开发了上位机监控组态软件,选定快速、中速、慢速和极慢速4种自整定动态响应类型,进行了电加热反应器温度PID控制参数的自整定实验,应用自整定获得的PID控制参数进行了电加热反应器温度的自整定PID控制,获得了较理想的控制效果。A reaction temperature control system based on Siemens S7-200 PLC was designed for a small electric heating reactor commonly used in chemical synthesis experiments. The heating voltage is regulated by SCR driven by a voltage regulator, and the reaction temperature is monitored by an industrial PC upper computer. Because the electric heating system has large time delay, non-linearity and inertia lag, and the chemical reaction process is complex, and it has time-varying, non-linear and other difficult to control characteristics, conventional manual tuning PID control is difficult to meet the requirements of electric heating reaction control. Based on Bang-Bang relay feedback auto-tuning principle and Ziegler-Nichols PID tuning empirical formula, the Bang-Bang auto-tuning PID control algorithm was presented in detail. S7-200 PLC control software was programmed with STEP 7 MicroWin32 and PC monitoring interface was developed with KINGVIEW configuration software. Four types of auto-tuning dynamic response modes were selected, namely fast, medium, slow and very slow mode. The auto-tuning experiments of PID control parameters of electric heating reactor temperature were carried out, and the PID control parameters obtained by autotuning were applied to the temperature control of the electric heating reactor, and ideal control effect was obtained.

关 键 词：电加热反应器 自整定 PID PLC 温度控制 

分 类 号：TP273[自动化与计算机技术—检测技术与自动化装置] TP391[自动化与计算机技术—控制科学与工程]