留学生汉语学习信念:学生与教师认知状况的比较研究  

A Comparative Study of the Cognition of Chinese Learning Beliefs Between Students and Teachers

作　　者：王添淼[1] WANG Tian-miao(School of Chinese as a Second Language,Peking University,Beijing 100871)

机构地区：[1]北京大学对外汉语教育学院

出　　处：《民族教育研究》2019年第6期135-142,共8页Journal of Research on Education for Ethnic Minorities

基　　金：国家汉办重点项目“汉语国际教育专业学位研究生专业发展模式研究”(项目编号:HGJ201701)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：本研究以语言学习信念理论为基础,采用问卷调查和访谈法,从学习难度信念、学能信念、学习本质信念、学习策略信念、学习动机期望信念五个维度对师生汉语学习信念进行比较。对学习者与教师的汉语学习信念共性、差异性和产生原因进行探究。研究发现,师生汉语学习信念有四点共性:(1)都赞成语言种类影响学习难度,汉语是较难学习的语言;(2)都认为汉语学习中孩子比成人更容易,亚裔比非亚裔更容易,不太赞成文理科生的语言学习能力存在区别;(3)都赞成中华文化和汉语环境对汉语学习的重要性,都不赞同在语言学习过程中翻译汉语;(4)都非常重视大量输出重复操练方法,重视课堂教学和课堂交际,主张初学期间多学多练。师生间的差异性也包括四点:(1)系统性需求与碎片化教学信念的冲突;(2)引导性需求与互动性教学信念的矛盾;(3)守旧型需求与创新型教学信念的失配;(4)纠错型需求和容错型教学信念的碰撞。基于以上结论,笔者从最大程度降低认知失配角度出发,提出旨在改进汉语教师教学实践和提高学习者汉语学习成果的建议。This study,based on the theory of beliefs in language learning,focusing on five beliefs in learning difficulty,learning aptitude,learning essence,learning strategies,and learning motivation and expectations in Chinese learning,and using questionnaire and interview method,explores the similarities,differences and the causes of learners‘and teachers’beliefs in Chinese language learning.The results show that Chinese language learners have a strong belief in learning motivation,pay more attention to Chinese communication,learning process and strategies,and have a similar understanding of the Chinese learning process and essence;while teachers think that it is more difficult to learn Chinese,they have a stronger belief in Chinese learning and communication strategies,a relatively low understanding of the Chinese learning process and essence,and a full confidence in Chinese learning.Teachers and learners have the strongest similarity in beliefs in Chinese learning motivation and expectation,but have many differences in learning difficulty,ability,essence and strategies.On this basis,the following suggestions are put forward to improve teachers‘Chinese teaching and learners’learning achievement:1)uplifting students’confidence in learning by positive incentives and feedbacks of teachers;2)innovating teaching methods to increase students’class communication willingness and interactive participation;3)enhancing systematic and structural teaching contents;4)attaching importance to conflicts between teachers and students in learning confidence to match teaching methods with students’demand;and 5)enhancing teachers’consciousness and ability of reflective teaching.

关 键 词：语言学习信念 汉语学习者 汉语教师 共性与差异性 

分 类 号：H195[语言文字—汉语]