对外汉语教学的理念与教学法体系——从朦胧到清晰,从借鉴到探索  

The Development of Pedagogical Ideas and Approaches for Teaching Chinese as a Foreign Language——A Process from Hazy to Clear and from Borrowing to Exploring

作　　者：鲁健骥[1] LU Jianji

机构地区：[1]北京语言大学

出　　处：《国际汉语教学研究》2019年第4期41-51,共11页Journal of International Chinese Teaching

摘　　要：本文回顾了对外汉语教学近70年来在教学理念和教学法体系方面的发展概况。本文认为,这近70年中,前30年是教学理念和教学法体系的朦胧时期;此后的20年,由于改革开放的实施,出现了一个以借鉴为主,但又有所探索的时期;进入21世纪以来的20年,则是一个开拓创新、走向成熟的时期。本文概括地介绍了"结构—功能—文化综合法""产出导向法""对外汉语教学激创法"等各有特色的教学法体系。本文认为,对外汉语教学只有建立起自己的、有中国特色的、适应对外汉语教学特点的教学理念和教学法体系,才能说这个学科已经成熟了。这个过程可能还需要30年的时间。本文认为,教学理念和教学法体系是对外汉语教学的灵魂,是衡量与教学相关的诸因素(教学模式、教材、工具书、参考书、教师等)是否合格的标准。This article briefly reviews the development of pedagogical ideas and approaches in the field of teaching Chinese as a foreign language(TCFL)during the past 70 years.The author holds that the first 30 years of that period is a hazy stage of the pedagogical ideas and approaches,followed by a stage which lasted for another 20 years,when ideas and approaches of other countries were borrowed extensively due to the implementation of China’s reform and opening-up policy,and Chinese-style ideas and approaches embodying TCFL characteristics were being explored.The first 20 years of the 21 st century have seen a new stage where the TCFL circle has brought forth ideas and approaches of their own,an indication that TCFL is becoming a mature discipline.The article makes a general introduction to three approaches,each with its own characteristics,namely,the eclectic"structure-functionculture approach",the"production-oriented approach"and the"creativity-inspiring approach".It maintains that TCFL can be considered a mature discipline only when it has its own system of pedagogical ideas and approaches that integrates Chinese characteristics and the characteristics of Chinese as a foreign language.This goal can be achieved perhaps in the coming 30 years.The author believes that the pedagogical ideas and approaches are the soul of all TCFL activities and the criteria to evaluate all sectors related to teaching(such as teaching modes,textbooks,resources,teachers,etc.).

关 键 词：对外汉语教学 教学理念 教学法体系 

分 类 号：H195.3[语言文字—汉语]