汉语方言里的“V(x)有NP”结构——以河南浚县话、广东汕头话为例  

On the V(x)You有NP Construction in Chinese Dialects:Based on the Data of Xunxian Dialect in Henan Province and Shantou Dialect in Guangdong Province

作　　者：辛永芬[1] 施其生[2] XIN Yongfen;SHI Qisheng

机构地区：[1]河南大学文学院开封 [2]中山大学中文系,广州

出　　处：《方言》2020年第1期61-71,共11页Dialect

基　　金：国家社科基金项目“河南境内中原官话与晋语边界点方言语法研究”(项目编号:16BYY041):河南大学哲学社会科学重大项目培育计划“河南方言资源调查研究与数据库建设”(项目编号:2019ZDXM013)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：汉语方言的“V(x)有NP”,意义表示动作行为形成了某种存在性结果。可以分为两种类型,一种是“Vx有NP”,如河南浚县话“俺银行存嘞有钱”“墙上挂嘞有画儿”;一种是“V有NP”,如广东汕头话“我银行存有零□[lo GFDCE GFDF6]钱”“墙块吊有蜀幅启功个字”。这种句式在方言中分布较广,河南北部、中部,广东丰顺、汕头、惠州,四川大部、湖南长沙,贵州贵阳等方言中都存在,具体句法表现不尽相同。“V(x)有NP”语义上是三种表述的套合,即“VNP”“V(x)有”和“有NP”的套合,句法上是一种特殊的兼语结构,源于汉语史共享宾语的连谓结构。目前,方言中丰富多彩的“V(x)有NP”是对汉语史同类结构不同阶段的继承和发展。The V(x)you(lit.have,有)NP construction in Chinese dialects means the action leading to the state of existence as the result,which falls into Vx you NP type and V you NP type.Such constructions are widely distributed in dialects with minor syntactic differences,e.g.in northern and central He nan province,Fengshun county,Shantou and Huizhou of Guangdong province,and in most part of Sichuan province,Changsha of Hu nan province,and Guiyang of Guizhou province.As a kind of bi-constituent structure,the V(x)you NP construction is the incorporation of VNP construction,V(x)you construction and you NP construction.Historically,it is derived from the serial verb constructions with shared objects in Ancient Chinese.The variations in different dialects indicate different stages of the development of Vx you NP construction in Chinese history.

关 键 词：河南浚县话 广东汕头话 中原官话 闽方言 V(x)有NP 兼语 补语 

分 类 号：H17[语言文字—汉语]