我国学前教育城乡均衡发展程度的测评研究--基于基尼系数的实证分析  

The Assessment Research on the Balance Development Degree of the Urban-Rural Preprimary Education in China--Based on the Empirical Analysis of the Gini Coefficient

作　　者：张玲[1,2] 裴昌根[1,2] 陈婷[2] ZHANG Ling;PEI Changgen;CHEN Ting

机构地区：[1]西南大学数学与统计学院,重庆400715 [2]中国基础教育质量监测协同创新中心西南大学分中心,重庆400715

出　　处：《西南大学学报（社会科学版）》2020年第2期96-106,193,共12页Journal of Southwest University(Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：中国基础教育质量监测协同创新中心重大成果培育性项目“义务教育阶段数学教育质量的影响因素研究”(2019-06-022-BZPK01),项目负责人:裴昌根。

摘　　要：学前教育公平是教育和社会公平的起点和基础,城乡学前教育发展失衡问题是制约当前发展学前教育的瓶颈。结合国内外研究和我国学前教育现状,以CIPP测评理论为基础构建城乡学前教育均衡发展的测评指标体系。根据基尼系数对我国"十二五"期间城乡学前教育发展的均衡程度进行综合测算评估,结果表明:八年来,各指标(除教育投入)城乡差异呈减少趋势,但差距依然存在。其中,教育机会公平指标上,城乡幼儿入园机会严重失衡;教育投入公平指标上,农村扶持力度加强,乡村生均公共经费高于城镇,但惠及面小;保教质量公平指标上,城乡保教质量之师资力量差距悬殊,办园条件差距显明;教育结果公平指标上,城乡小学新生受学前教育比例差距缩小,但依然存在。The equity of preprimary education is the starting point and foundation of education and social justice.The imbalance of urban and rural preprimary education is the bottleneck restricting the current development of preprimary education.Based on the current situation and previous research of preprimary education in China and abroad,this paper constructs the evaluation index system for the equilibrium degree of urban and rural preprimary education based on CIPP evaluation theory.According to the Gini coefficient,the paper summarizes the equilibrium degree of the development of urban and rural pre-school education in the Second Five-year period.The results show that the urban-rural differences of the indicators(except educational investment)decrease in eight years,but the gap still exists.In terms of the educational opportunity indicators,urban and rural children admission opportunities are in serious imbalance.In terms of educational input indicators,rural support efforts to strengthen the rural public health are higher than the urban,but the benefits are small.In terms of educational quality indicators,urban and rural security quality of the gap between the teachers and the operating conditions is obvious.In terms of educational result indicators,the gap between the primary and secondary school students is reduced by the proportion of pre-school education,although there still exists a certain gap.

关 键 词：学前教育 城乡均衡 基尼系数 测评指标体系 CIPP测评理论 

分 类 号：G610[文化科学—学前教育学]