具有较高运动技能的少年足球运动员对不同训练负荷和比赛负荷的心理适应研究:以36位15~17岁足球运动员为例  

A Study on the Psychological Adaptation of Football Players with Higher Skills to Training Load and Competition Load: A Case Study of 36 Football Players Aged 15~17

作　　者：勒·德·纳扎列恩科 阿·斯·科瓦列恩科 姚颂平(译) L.D.Nazarenko;A.S.Kovalenko(Ulyanovsk National Normal University,Russia)

机构地区：[1]以伊·恩·乌里扬诺夫命名的乌里扬诺夫斯克国立师范大学,乌里扬诺夫斯克 [2]不详

出　　处：《首都体育学院学报》2020年第2期97-99,共3页Journal of Capital University of Physical Education and Sports

摘　　要：目的:通过实验证明对具备较高运动技能的少年足球运动员进行不同训练负荷和比赛负荷心理适应训练的有效性。方法:采用实验法,将36位15~17岁具有较强运动技能的足球运动员分为对照组和实验组,每组各18人。对照组的训练按普遍使用的心理训练方法进行。实验组则使用笔者研制的在不同训练负荷和比赛负荷下的心理适应训练方法。结论:对不断变化的训练负荷和比赛负荷的心理适应是提高15~17岁有较高运动技能的足球运动员的运动素养的重要因素,将确保改善足球运动员对外部不良因素刺激的应激反应稳定性,集中注意力完成足球运动技术动作,并在与对手对抗时,保持与同伴的运动协同性,等等。评估足球运动员心理适应水平的标准是:足球运动员比赛活动模拟的一致程度,完成训练任务的效果,评价自身临赛状态的准确性,在低紧张程度情况下完成动作的积极性指标。制定的具有较高运动技能的少年足球运动员的心理适应训练方法是有效的。Objective: To prove the validity of psychological adaptation method of training load and competition load for young football players with strong sports skills through experiments. Methods: 36 football players of15-17 years old with strong skill level were divided into control group and experimental group with 18 in each group. The control group was trained according to the commonly used psychological training method. The experimental group used the psychological adaptation method developed by the author under different training load and competition load. Conclusion: the psychological adaptation to the changing training load and competition load is an important factor to improve the sports quality of the football players with higher skills aged 15~17. It will ensure the stability of the stress response of the football players to the adverse factors of the external environment, and focus on the completion of the football movement skills, the sports coordination with the partners when they are against the opponents, etc. The criteria to evaluate the psychological adaptation level of football players are: the consistency of the simulation of the game activities of football players, the effect of completing the training tasks, the accuracy of the evaluation of their own temporary game state, and the enthusiasm index of completing the sports actions under low-level tension. The psychological adaptation method developed by the author for young football players with high skill level is effective.

关 键 词：足球 足球运动员 训练负荷 比赛负荷 心理适应 教学实验 

分 类 号：G804.8[文化科学—运动人体科学]