时间性前瞻记忆的练习效应及其人格差异  

The Practice Effect of Time-Based Prospective Memory and Its Personality Difference

作　　者：郭云飞 黄希庭 林冰心 薛黎明 邱俊杰 Guo Yunfei;Huang Xiting;Lin Bingxin;Xue Liming;Qiu Junjie(Faculty of Psychology,Southwest University,Chongqing,400715)

机构地区：[1]西南大学心理学部,重庆400715

出　　处：《心理科学》2019年第6期1441-1447,共7页Journal of Psychological Science

基　　金：重庆市人文社会科学重点研究基地项目“社区领导干部胜任特征研究”(18SKB003)的资助。

摘　　要：实验1和实验2分别探究在低难度和高难度进行中任务条件下是否存在TBPM的练习效应及其人格差异,结果发现无论在何种情况下,实验组的前瞻记忆成绩均显著高于控制组,说明TBPM的练习效应稳定存在;A-B型人格类型与组别交互作用均不显著,说明A型和B型人格在TBPM的练习效应上可能没有差异;实验组在总的时间监控次数和后期时间监控次数上均高于控制组,时间差均低于控制组,说明练习通过提高时间监控有效性和总的注意投入量来提高前瞻记忆成绩。Prospective memory represents the ability of remembering to carry out an intended action in the future. In a typical prospective memory experiment, participants are required to engage in two tasks: the ongoing task and prospective task. According to the nature of the prospective memory cues, there are two types of prospective memory: time-based prospective memory(TBPM) and event-based prospective memory(EBPM). TBPM requires individuals to do something at a specific time point or time period. For example, go to the teaching building for the professional course at two o’clock on Tuesday afternoon. Compared with retrospective memory, prospective memory has a greater impact on the quality of life, because it is directly related to our life plans. Lots of studies focused on how to improve the performance of prospective memory. Practice is usually simple and effective in improving cognitive performance. Some studies found that the performance of prospective memory could also be improved by practice. We define this phenomenon as the practice effect of prospective memory. Most studies found that the practice effect of EBPM is prevalent in young and elderly groups. However, it is not clear whether the TBPM has the practice effect. If the practice effect exists, why does it happen? Dynamic attending theory(DAT) argues that practice improves the effectiveness of time monitoring, resulting in the improvement of TBPM performance. Whether the DAT could effectively explain the practice effect of TBPM? Type A and B personality have different characteristics of time monitoring and management. Thus, the practice effect of TBPM may also have personality differences.Experiment 1 adopted a 2(A-B personality: type A, type B) × 2(Groups: control group, experimental group) design. Ongoing task adopted 1-back task, which required participants to compare two adjacent capitals. Prospective memory task was pressing the "1" key every 1 minute. A total of 112 college students(27 type A/control group, 28 type A/experimental group, 28 type B

关 键 词：时间性前瞻记忆 练习效应 动态注意理论 A-B型人格 

分 类 号：B842.3[哲学宗教—基础心理学] B848[哲学宗教—心理学]