德国哲学论证自由的三个向度--论德国哲学在论证自由问题上的贡献  

Three Dimensions of Justifying Freedom in German Philosophy--On the Contributions of German Philosophy to the Problem of Justifying Freedom

作　　者：黄裕生[1] HUANG Yu-sheng(School of Humanities,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084)

机构地区：[1]清华大学人文学院,北京100084

出　　处：《陕西师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2020年第1期112-122,共11页Journal of Shaanxi Normal University(Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition)

摘　　要：对自由与权利的论证是近代最伟大的一项思想事业,以康德、黑格尔为代表的德国哲学家对此做出了独特的贡献。他们通过引入先验维度、他者维度与历史维度,不仅在理论上真正完成了对自由与权利的论证,而且为解决之前的自由理论在实践上带来的新困境提供了可能的出路。由于缺乏历史维度,一切冲突都被归结为文化冲突;由于缺乏超验向度,权利空间成了可以无德地生活的世俗空间;而由于关闭了绝对他者的视野,人性滑向了自我删减、自我萎缩的危险。这些表明,到了告别"薄的自由理论",重返德国自由哲学的时候了。The justification of freedom and rights is one of the greatest ideological undertakings of modern times. German philosophers represented by Kant and Hegel, made special contributions to it. By introducing the dimension of a apriori’thinking, the otherness dimension, and the historical dimension, they not only complete the justification of freedom and rights in theory, but also provide a possible way to solve the new dilemma brought by the previous theories of freedom in practice. Due to the lack of a historical dimension, all conflicts are attributed to cultural conflicts;due to the lack of a transcendental dimension, the space of rights becomes a secular space in which people can live without virtue;and because the horizon of the absolute otherness is closed, human nature slides into the danger of self-deletion and self-atrophy. These problems indicate that it is time to say farewell to the "thin theory of freedom" and to return to the German philosophy of freedom.

关 键 词：德国哲学 自由哲学 权利 自我认识 “薄的自由理论” 共同体 

分 类 号：B516[哲学宗教—外国哲学] B025.9