论康德的道德冲突  

On Kant’s Moral Conflict

作　　者：刘作[1] LIU Zuo(School of Humanities,Southeast University,Nanjing 211189,Jiangsu)

机构地区：[1]东南大学人文学院,江苏南京211189

出　　处：《陕西师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2020年第1期123-132,共10页Journal of Shaanxi Normal University(Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目“康德后期伦理学研究”(15CZX049)。

摘　　要：为了维护法则、义务等概念的绝对必然性,康德把我们日常所说的义务冲突的现象解释为道德的冲突。道德冲突的实质是责任的根据之间的冲突,与目前学界的解释不同,责任的根据可以被解释为康德在《道德形而上学》中列举的内在的自由法权、物品法权、人身法权,以及在德性义务中的我们人格中的人性的目的和人的目的,这些责任根据一方面具有规范性,另外一方面描述了人的现实生活的必要条件。康德以某种严格的词典式的顺序展示这些责任的根据之间的优先性,给解决道德冲突提供了普遍性的标准。虽然这种解决方式在某些情况下会引起诸多争议,但是它有助于我们理解当代实践哲学相关理论的发展,同时也有助于我们反思我们的日常生活。In order to maintain the absolute necessity of the concepts of law and duty, Kant interprets the phenomenon of our daily conflict of duties as a moral conflict. The essence of moral conflict is the conflict between the grounds of obligation. Unlike the current interpretation of academics, the ground of obligation can be interpreted as the inherent right of freedom, a right to a thing, and a contract right listed by Kant in the Metaphysics of Morals, as well as the end of humanity and the end of human beings in our person in the duty of virtue. These grounds of obligation are normative on the one hand, and on the other hand describe the necessary conditions for people’s real life. Kant demonstrates the priority between these grounds of obligation in a strict lexicographical order, providing a universal standard for resolving moral conflicts. Although this solution will cause a lot of controversy in some cases, it will help us understand the development of theories related to contemporary practical philosophy, and also help us reflect on our daily life.

关 键 词：德国哲学 康德 《道德形而上学奠基》 《道德形而上学》 道德冲突 义务冲突 

分 类 号：B516.31[哲学宗教—外国哲学] B82-02