论尤利安重建犹太教圣殿之迷思  

Analysis on the Myth of Julian Rebuilding the Jewish Temple

作　　者：疏会玲 Shu Huiling(International School,Huaqiao University,Xiamen,Fujian,361021,China)

机构地区：[1]华侨大学国际关系学院,福建厦门361021

出　　处：《古代文明》2020年第2期43-52,M0004,共11页The Journal of Ancient Civilizations

摘　　要：尤利安因复兴多神教和宽容犹太教而成为拜占庭帝国历史上极具争议性的一位皇帝。根据基督教和多神教史料记载,尤利安曾允许并协助犹太人在耶路撒冷重建第二圣殿。由于文献中神迹和护教学色彩浓厚,加上缺乏犹太教史料佐证,学界在尤利安重建圣殿的相关细节上尚有争论,甚至有学者将尤利安重建圣殿及其失败归为基督教父的"杜撰"。但客观地看,尤利安曾经施行宽容的对犹太人政策是不争的事实。然而重建工作失败,尤利安的涉犹政策无果而终这一事件反而成为基督徒笔下彰显基督教胜利的典型例证。通过强势而排他的历史书写,基督教史学为尤利安的失败贡献了一场并不体面的"葬礼"。此后,犹太教继续走上漫长的内化过程,多神教也随着雅典学园解散而消亡,共同成就了基督教在拜占庭帝国稳步发展的时代主题。Julian is a highly controversial emperor in the history of the Byzantine Empire because of his revival of polytheism and tolerance on Judaism. According to the historical records of Christianity and polytheism, Julian had allowed and assisted Jews to rebuild the Second Temple in Jerusalem. Due to the strong color of miracles and apologetics in the literature, and the lack of Jewish historical evidence, the scholars have been controversial about the details of rebuilding the Temple. Some scholars have classified Julian’s reconstruction of the temple and its failure as the Christian father’s invention, but Julian’s tolerant policy on Jewish community is an indisputable fact. However, the reconstruction work ended in failure, which led to Julian’s policy not being effective. Instead, it became a typical example of Christian victory for Church fathers. Through strong and exclusive historical narratives, Christian historians contributed an unconscionable "burial" to Julian’s failure. Since then, Judaism has continued to embark on a long process of internalization, and polytheism has also disappeared with the dissolution of the Athens Academy, thus the development of Christianity has become the theme in the history of the Byzantine Empire.

关 键 词：犹太教圣殿 尤利安 基督教化 护教学 历史书写 

分 类 号：B985[哲学宗教—宗教学]