论中国民事审级制度面临的挑战及其完善  

On Challenges to China’s Hierarchical Trial System for Civil Cases and the Responses

作　　者：胡晓霞[1] Hu Xiaoxia

机构地区：[1]西南政法大学比较民事诉讼法研究中心,重庆401120

出　　处：《政治与法律》2020年第4期99-110,共12页Political Science and Law

摘　　要：我国现行民事审级制度不是"舶来品",而是经过漫长的演变过程逐渐形成的。现行法上的"四级两审制"民事审级制度在特定历史时期发挥了其应有的作用,但目前已经无法满足人民群众日益增长的接近司法的需求。我国民事审级制度体系的完善应当确立"四级三审制"、增设职能管辖制度、贯彻上诉利益理论、明确第三审为法律审等基本制度,同时建立允许例外情形下基于法定或意定的原因而适用一审终审制度,以及越级上诉制度和特别上诉制度。China’s current hierarchical trial system for civil cases is not an "exotic" but a result developed from a gradual evolution for a long time. The current "four-levels and two-instances" hierarchical trial system for civil cases played its corresponding roles in a certain period of time, but now fails to meet the growing demands of the public of access to the justice. To improve China’s hierarchical trial system for civil cases, the "four-levels and three-instances" regime should be established, the regime of functional jurisdiction should be set up, the theory of interests of appeal should be upheld and it should be made clear that the third-instance trial only hears legal issues. Meanwhile, it should be allowed to establish a regime of the first instance being the final instance, a regime of leapfrog procedure and a special appellant regime which can be applied according to the legal provision or parties’ agreement in exceptional circumstances.

关 键 词：民事诉讼 审级制度 一审终审 两审终审 三审终审 审级利益 

分 类 号：DF721[政治法律—诉讼法学]