社会民主进程中的学校重建——杜威教育思想中的一个核心主题  

School Reconstruction in the Process of Social Democracy:a Core Theme in John Dewey’s Educational Thought

作　　者：丁永为[1] 荆美玉 闫宝萍婧 DING Yongwei;JING Meiyu;YAN Baopingjing(College of Teacher Education,Capital Normal University,Beijing,China,100037)

机构地区：[1]首都师范大学教育学院,北京100037

出　　处：《教育文化论坛》2020年第2期23-29,共7页Tribune of Education Culture

基　　金：北京市社会科学基金重大项目“教育与美国社会改革”(1890—1920年)(15ZDA25)。

摘　　要：社会民主与学校重建的关系是杜威教育思想中的一个核心主题。工业革命以及随之引起的在科技、交通、政治、经济、文化等社会诸领域的全面变革,对美国民主构成了严峻挑战。从哲学高度,深入反思学校如何重建和变革,以在美国社会的民主进程中扮演更为积极、有为的角色,成为一个重大而紧迫的时代课题。杜威从教育的角度,重构了民主概念,主张学校应超越旧个人主义的狭隘性,通过主动作业培养未来公民的民主意识和社会精神。20世纪20年代前后,杜威的教育思想发生转向,对制度化教育在社会民主进程中的功能的有限性的认识更为清晰,但终其一生,杜威都未曾放弃对学校重建问题的关心。杜威有关民主和学校重建关系问题的思想十分深刻,超越了杰斐逊和贺拉斯·曼等前人,影响了克伯屈和拉格等社会改造主义教育家。在美国教育史中,杜威是一位继往开来的大师。The relationship between social democracy and schools’reconstruction is a core theme in John Dewey’s educational thought.The industrial revolution and the subsequent comprehensive changes in science and technology,transportation,politics,economy,culture and other social fields have posed a serious challenge to American democracy.From the philosophical point of view,it has become an important and urgent subject of the times to deeply reflect on how to reconstruct and reform the schools in order to play a more active and promising role in the democratic process of American society.Dewey reconstructed the concept of democracy from the perspective of education,and advocated that schools should go beyond the parochialism of old individualism and cultivate the democratic consciousness and social spirit of future citizens through active work.Around the 1920s,Dewey’s educational thought changed,and his understanding of the limited function of institutionalized education in the process of social democracy was clearer,but during all his life,Dewey did not give up his concern for school reconstruction.Dewey’s thought on the relationship between democracy and school reconstruction is very profound,surpassing Jefferson and Horace Mann and other ancestors,and influenced social reconstructive educators such as Kilpatrick and Rugg.In the history of American education,Dewey is a master who carried forward the past.

关 键 词：杜威 社会民主 学校重建 主动作业 旧个人主义 

分 类 号：G519[文化科学—教育学]