中国高校仍“重理轻文”吗?  

Chinese universities still attach more importance to natural science than to social science?

作　　者：陈琢 杨振兵[2] Chen Zhuo;Yang Zhenbing(Reform and Development Office/Higher Education Research Institute,Nanjing University of Finance and Economics,Nanjing 210023,Jiangsu,China;School of Economics,Nanjing University of Finance and Economics,Nanjing 210023,Jiangsu,China)

机构地区：[1]南京财经大学改革发展办公室、高等教育研究所,江苏南京210023 [2]南京财经大学经济学院,江苏南京210023

出　　处：《科研管理》2020年第3期247-255,共9页Science Research Management

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年项目:“能源短缺与环境治理背景下中国工业能源消费结构的优化路径研究:基于异质性有偏技术进步的视角”(No.71904077,2020-2022);国家社科基金重大项目:“创新引领发展的机制与对策研究”(18ZDA102,2019-2022);江苏高校哲学社会科学研究一般项目:“构建终身学习‘立交桥’为背景下江苏成人高校招生体制改革研究”(2015SJB150,2016-2019);江苏省教育科学“十二五”规划课题:“终身教育理念下江苏高校非学历教育发展研究”(B-a/2015/03/004,2016-2019)。

摘　　要："重理轻文"是长期以来积攒的科研弊病,那么从科研技术效率的角度来看是否如此呢?本文以2009-2014年中国大陆31个省高校科研活动为研究对象,采用随机前沿分析方法对中国大陆高校理工农医类与人文社科类科研技术效率进行测算与比较分析。研究发现:理工农医类的科研技术效率要明显高于人文社科类,且差距随着时间的推移而不断扩大;初始拥有较多科研资源的东部地区理工农医类与人文社科类的科研技术效率均较高,但后期被中西部地区赶超;不同省市的科研技术效率差异较大,少数省市依然存在"重理轻文"科研观念。因此,合理配置不同地域科研资源,实现不同学科的均衡发展,是今后一段时期内科研领域的工作重点。"Emphasizing nature science over liberal arts" is an academic malady accumulated in China′s long-term development process. On the one hand, after the division of liberal arts and sciences, the phenomenon of "emphasizing science over liberal arts " has been triggered;on the other hand, with the nature science disciplines(e.g., science, engineering, agriculture and medicine) playing an obvious and important role in the socialist modernization of new China, the degree of "emphasizing nature science over liberal arts" has been increased. Obviously, the emphasis on nature science rather than literature arts has directly led to the focus on scientific research and engineering. However, it is the basic requirement for education to emphasize both nature science and liberal arts. Therefore, in terms of scientific research efficiency, whether or not nature science is emphasized over liberal arts? This study will discuss this topic.Several studies use the DEA method with fixed production frontier to evaluate the scientific research performance at the university or regional level, but it has not been analyzed by different subjects. Based on the panel data of R&D inputs and output of nature science and liberal arts in China's Mainland from 2009 to 2014, this paper first uses the SFA method with variable production frontier to measure and compare the scientific research efficiency of different disciplines, so as to investigate whether there is a phenomenon of emphasizing nature science and ignoring literature arts from the perspective of scientific research efficiency. We draw the following conclusion and policy implications:It is found that the scientific research efficiency of natural science is significantly higher than that of liberal arts, which means that "emphasizing nature science rather than literature arts" is still established at the level of scientific research efficiency. Moreover, in the six years of the sample range, the gap is expanding. In 2009, the scientific research efficiency of natural science was 0.813

关 键 词：科研效率 高等学校 理工农医类 人文社科类 

分 类 号：G526.3[文化科学—教育学]