大学之道的比较与发展  

The Comparison and Development of The University Ideology

作　　者：王义遒[1] WANG Yi-qiu

机构地区：[1]北京大学,北京100871

出　　处：《大学教育科学》2020年第2期46-52,共7页University Education Science

摘　　要：大学的宗旨和目标代表着大学的内涵。对比中西方大学的宗旨与目标可以发现,其共同点是通过教育使自然人成为能与他人和睦共处、服务于社会和国家的生存与发展的人。中国是一个多民族国家,无论《大学》中所言“亲民”,还是《学记》中的“化民易俗”,都强调“爱国”“为国”的观念,作为维持宗法亲情社会秩序的“礼”也就成为了大学的核心理念。中国近代大学虽然是“舶来品”,但坚持了中国的人文传统,具有强烈的家国情怀;而西方大学更看重知识与科学,强调纯粹理性的观念,尤其是大学被移植到美国后,又发展出教学、科研和服务社会三项职能,带有明显的功利色彩。新中国成立以来,中国“大学之道”在“中西合璧”的基础上有了两点新的重大发展:一是坚持中国共产党的领导,二是强调提高全民文化素质、推进高等教育普及化,此两点与传统大学之道之间具有包容性与逻辑合理性,也是当下我国必须坚持的“大学之道”的新常态。The purpose and goal of university represent the connotation of university.Comparing the aims and objectives of Chinese and Western universities,this study finds that their common point is to make natural people through education who can live in harmony with others and serve for the survival and development of society and country.China is a multi-ethnic country.The concepts of"patriotism"and"for the country"are emphasized in both the"make intimate association with people"in The Great Learing and the"changing the people and changing the customs"in Xue-Ji.As a"rite"to maintain the patriarchal clan system of family love and social order,it has become the core concept of universities.As a result,although the modern universities in China are an imported products,they adhere to China's humanistic tradition and have a solid character in creating strong feelings of home country.Western universities pay more attention to knowledge and science,and emphasize the concept of pure rationality.Especially after the concept of university was transplanted to the United States,it has developed three functions of teaching,scientific research and serving the society,which has obvious utilitarian color.Since the founding of the People's Republic of China,China's university ideology has two new and significant developments based on the combination of Chinese and Western:first,it adheres to the leadership of the Communist Party of China in the direction of running a school;second,it emphasizes on improving the cultural quality of the whole people and promoting the popularization of higher education.These two points are inclusive,logical and reasonable with the traditional university ideology that must be adhered to new standards of university ideology.

关 键 词：大学之道 大学宗旨 大学目标 大学文化 中西方差异 发展与前瞻 

分 类 号：G40[文化科学—教育学原理] G640[文化科学—教育学]