良渚文化的生业经济与社会兴衰  

The Rise and Fall of the Liangzhu Society in the Perspective of Subsistence Economy

作　　者：袁靖[1] 潘艳[2] 董宁宁 司徒克 赵辉[3] 秦岭[3] 宋建[4] 陈杰[4] 刘斌[5] 郑云飞[5] 宋姝 吴卫红 林留根[7] 胡耀武 罗运兵[9] 李志鹏[10] 吕鹏[10] Yuan Jing

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院考古研究所,北京市100101 [2]复旦大学科技考古研究院,上海市200433 [3]北京大学考古文博学院 [4]上海博物馆考古部 [5]浙江省文物考古研究所 [6]安徽大学 [7]江苏省考古研究所 [8]复旦大学科技考古研究院 [9]湖北省文物考古研究所 [10]中国社会科学院考古研究所

出　　处：《考古》2020年第2期83-92,共10页Archaeology

摘　　要：近些年来,随着反山遗址大型贵族墓葬、良渚古城、莫角山宫殿区和大型水坝的发掘,良渚文化成为研究的热点。依据碳十四年代测定结果,良渚遗址的时间上限为距今5300年左右[1]。良渚文化尽管年代开始较早,率先跨入早期国家的门槛,但是到距今4300年前后突然消亡,持续了1000年左右的发展历程中断。According to the study of unearthed floral and faunal remains from archaeological sites in the coastal area of eastern Zhejiang,the Lake Tai plains,and the eastern Jianghuai area,the Liangzhu culture was an agricultural society that practiced rice farming as their primary subsistence mode and stockbreeding of domestic pigs and other species as their major sources of meat.However,the extent of rice farming varies from area to area,as indicated by an exceptionally high proportion of fishing and hunting in some cases.It is this imbalance in subsistence economy that restrained population growth and prevented the formation of multi-central political structure in Liangzhu society.Major culprits of the collapse of Liangzhu society probably included inadequate exchange and competition with other archaeological cultures.In addition,factors may have included the inability of political elites and a dysfunctional ritual system to confront natural disasters or social conflicts caused by those disasters.

关 键 词：良渚文化 生业模式 稻作农业 家养动物 

分 类 号：K878[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]