日本国立大学监事制度的生成逻辑与实践论析  

On the Audit System of Japanese National University Corporations

作　　者：梅士伟[1] 赵俊芳[2] MEI Shiwei;ZHAO Junfang(School of Public Administration,Jilin University,Changchun 130012,China;Institution of Higher Education,Jilin University,Changchun 130012,China)

机构地区：[1]吉林大学行政学院,吉林长春130012 [2]吉林大学高等教育研究所,吉林长春130012

出　　处：《外国教育研究》2020年第3期19-31,共13页Studies in Foreign Education

基　　金：吉林省教育科学“十三五”规划重点课题“高校行政权力监督的理论与对策研究”(课题编号:ZD17003);吉林大学党风廉政建设课题“现代大学治理结构中构建高校行政权力监督体系研究”(课题编号:2017LZXZY028)。

摘　　要：伴随法人化改革,日本政府在新组建的国立大学法人创设了监事制度这一新型监督载体。独立行政法人改革与大学治理权威转移的双重动力推动监事制度的生成与巩固,使之呈现出从"校长辅佐"至"职权充实"的演变轨迹,形成了监督权力结构上的"公司化"、运行上的"异体监督实体化"、保障上的"法治化",以及监事选聘上的"外部化"特征。但整体来看,日本国立大学监事制度的运行仍存在监事权力在传统的制度安排中被消解,监事组织在现实的机构设置中被弱化,监事制度在系统的力量平衡中被做空的发展困境。日本国立大学监事制度的生成与发展实现了制度移植与文化承继的良性互动,充分体现了国立大学权力运行与监督体系的基本布局与未来态势,为构建大学权力监督制约机制提供了新的思路。In 2004,Japan restructured the state-directed public university system to create the national university corporations(NUCs). One of the key elements of the reform is the new audit system in NUCs,which functions as a supervisory board between the Ministry of Education,Culture,Sports,Science and Technology(MEXT)and each NUC. The dual impetus of the corporation reform and the transfer of university governance promotes the audit system,which shows the evolutionary track from "president’s assistance" to "independent function",and forms the "corporatization" in the structure,the "entity" in the operation,the "rule of law" in the safeguard,and the "externalization" in the selection of auditors. However,there are still difficulties in the operation of the audit system in NUCs,such as the dissolution of supervisory power,the weakening of supervisory organizations,and the shortage of the supervisory system. The formation and development of the audit system of NUCs have allowed the interaction between system transplantation and cultural inheritance,fully embodied the basic layout and future trend of the power operation and supervision system of NUCs,and provided new ideas for the construction of the supervision and restriction mechanism of university power.

关 键 词：日本 国立大学 法人化 监事 监督 

分 类 号：G619.1[文化科学—学前教育学] G619.313[文化科学—教育学]