开国序曲——1837年美船“马礼逊”号的日本之行  

A Prelude to the Opening of Japan:the Morrison Expedition to Japan in 1837

作　　者：郭满 Guo Man

机构地区：[1]厦门大学台湾研究院

出　　处：《海交史研究》2020年第1期82-96,共15页Journal of Maritime History Studies

基　　金：2019年国家社科基金“美国对东南亚华人华侨的心理研究(1949-1965)”(课题号:19BSS034)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：1837年美船“马礼逊”号的日本之行,开启了美国与日本直接往来的先例。某种程度上,可称之为日本开国的“序曲”。此次航行时间上早于佩里,在丰富美国有关日本知识的同时,实则逐渐形成了美国的对日政策。三次航行中,作为翻译的卫三畏均扮演了重要角色。他不仅具备与日本人接触的经验和语言优势,其参与编辑的《中国丛报》上登载的诸多文稿是彼时日本知识的重要来源,同时卫三畏在华经年,见证了由广州体制向条约体制的演变进程,美日《日本和亲条约》(也称《神奈川条约》)正是以《望厦条约》为蓝本。故而,以卫三畏为中心的探究是考察美日关系历史变迁的重要路径,不仅可以呈现美日间翻译人员的历史作用和真实场景,从中也可管窥双方文化、政治的冲撞和交融。The Morrison Expedition to Japan in 1837 initiated the direct contact between the United States and Japan,which,to some extent,can be regarded as a prelude to the opening of Japan.Being earlier than the Perry Expedition,it not only enriched the American’s knowledge about Japan,but also shaped the US policy toward Japan.In his three visits to Japan,the interpreter Samuel Wells Williams played a significant role.He had good language skills and rich experience of communicating with the Japanese,and he was one of the editors of The Chinese Repository,which carried many articles that became the main source of people’s knowledge about Japan at that time.Having spent years in China,Williams witnessed the change of Canton System into Treaty System.As a result,the“Japan and US Treaty of Peace and Amity”(also known as“Kanagawa Treaty”)was based on the“Treaty of Wanghia”.Thus,a research on Williams is an important way to study the historical relations between the United States and Japan.It unveils historical events and the role of the English-Japanese interpreter,enabling us to have a better understanding of the cultural and political collisions and integration between the two countries.

关 键 词：日本 卫三畏 翻译人员 

分 类 号：G63[文化科学—教育学]