邓·司各脱论一与多的敉平化  

Duns Scotus’s Levelling-out of “One and Many”

作　　者：雷思温[1] LEI Si-wen(Renmin University of China,Beijing 100872,China)

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学,北京100872

出　　处：《云南大学学报（社会科学版）》2020年第3期28-39,共12页The Journal of Yunnan University:Social Sciences Edition

基　　金：2019年度中国人民大学科学研究基金面上项目“近代哲学的中世纪背景研究”(项目号:19XNB026)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：一与多是贯穿哲学史的主要问题之一。在基督教引入上帝超越性的维度之后,一与多的问题在上帝与受造物的关系中遇到了新的挑战。阿奎那等人试图通过改造亚里士多德的存在类比学说来平衡上帝与受造物在一与多问题中的张力关系。然而司各脱率先指出了这一努力的内在问题,并通过其敉平化的单义存在概念给予一与多以更为松散、更为平等的处理。这一敉平化的一与多关系,通过奥卡姆的唯名论革命,成为近代以来以斯宾诺莎、黑格尔等人为代表的和解无限性与有限性的张力关系,并由此构建了存在与一整体性的先声。"One and many" is one of the main problems throughout the history of philosophy. After Christianity introduced the dimension of divine transcendence,this problem encountered new challenges in the relationship between God and creatures. Aquinas and others try to balance the tension between God and creatures in the framework of one and many by reforming Aristotle’s analogical theory of being. However,Duns Scotus took the lead in pointing out the internal problems of this effort,and gave a more flexible and equal treatment to one and many through his "levelling" concept of being. Through Ockham’s revolution of nominalism,this levelling relationship of one and many has become the forerunner of reconciliating the tension between infinite being and finite being,and then constructing the integrity of being and one represented by Spinoza and Hegel in early modern times.

关 键 词：一与多 存在 敉平 

分 类 号：B503.23[哲学宗教—外国哲学]