Orexin Receptor Antagonists as Emerging Treatments for Psychiatric Disorders  

作　　者：Ying Han Kai Yuan Yongbo Zheng Lin Lu 

机构地区：[1]National Institute of Drug Dependence and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Dependence,Peking University,Beijing 100191,China [2]Peking University Sixth Hospital,Peking University Institute of Mental Health,NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health(Peking University),National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders(Peking University Sixth Hospital),Beijing 100191,China [3]Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences and PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China

出　　处：《Neuroscience Bulletin》2020年第4期432-448,共17页神经科学通报（英文版）

基　　金：the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81701312 and 81521063);the Interdisciplinary Medicine Seed Fund of Peking University(BMU2018MX024).

摘　　要：Orexins comprise two neuropeptides produced by orexin neurons in the lateral hypothalamus and are released by extensive projections of these neurons throughout the central nervous system. Orexins bind and activate their associated G protein-coupled orexin type 1 receptors(OX1Rs) and OX2Rs and act on numerous physiological processes, such as sleep-wake regulation, feeding, reward,emotion, and motivation. Research on the development of orexin receptor antagonists has dramatically increased with the approval of suvorexant for the treatment of primary insomnia. In the present review, we discuss recent findings on the involvement of the orexin system in the pathophysiology of psychiatric disorders, including sleep disorders,depression, anxiety, and drug addiction. We discuss the actions of orexin receptor antagonists, including selective OX1R antagonists (SORA1s), selective OX2R antagonists(SORA2s), and dual OX1/2R antagonists (DORAs), in the treatment of these disorders based on both preclinical and clinical evidence. SORA2s and DORAs have more pronounced efficacy in the treatment of sleep disorders,whereas SORA1s may be promising for the treatment of anxiety and drug addiction. We also discuss potential challenges and opportunities for the application of orexin receptor antagonists to clinical interventions.

关 键 词：OREXIN INSOMNIA DEPRESSION ANXIETY Drug ADDICTION 

分 类 号：R749[医药卫生—神经病学与精神病学]